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Tooth Whitening : An Evidence-Based Perspective.

By: Material type: TextPublisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2023Copyright date: ©2016Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (268 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9783319388496
Subject(s): Genre/Form: DDC classification:
  • 617.634
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Tooth Whitening with Peroxides -- 1: Introduction to Tooth Whitening -- 1.1 History of Tooth Whitening -- 1.2 Current Tooth Whitening Techniques -- 1.3 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning -- 1.3.1 Check List During Examination -- 1.3.2 New Challenges in Tooth Whitening -- 1.3.2.1 Failed Attempts of Tooth Whitening -- 1.3.2.2 Erosion -- 1.3.2.3 Tooth Whitening in Children -- 1.3.2.4 Tooth Whitening on Teeth with Veneers and Orthodontic Braces -- 1.3.3 Monitoring the Progress of Tooth Whitening -- References -- 2: Tooth Whitening: How Does It Work -- 2.1 Etiology of Discolorations -- 2.1.1 Extrinsic Stains -- 2.1.2 Intrinsic Stains -- 2.1.2.1 Dental Fluorosis -- 2.1.2.2 Tetracycline Staining -- 2.1.2.3 Developmental Defects and Others -- 2.2 Mechanism of Peroxide Action -- 2.2.1 Phase One: Diffusion -- 2.2.2 Phase Two: Interaction -- 2.2.3 Phase Three: Surface Change and Color -- References -- 3: Overall Safety of Peroxides -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Toxicology of Hydrogen Peroxide -- 3.3 Peroxides in the Human Body -- 3.4 Systemic Effects -- 3.5 Genotoxicity -- 3.6 Carcinogenicity -- References -- 4: Complications from the Use of Peroxides -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Effect on Oral Soft Tissues -- 4.2.1 At-Home Bleaching -- 4.2.2 OTC Products -- 4.2.3 In-Office Bleaching -- 4.3 Effect on Oral Hard Tissues -- 4.3.1 Change in Color of Tooth Structure -- 4.3.2 Microabrasion and Tooth Bleaching -- 4.3.3 Change in Hardness/Susceptibility to Caries/Demineralization/Importance of Saliva -- 4.3.4 Effects on Restorations -- 4.3.4.1 Roughness -- 4.3.4.2 Hardness -- 4.3.4.3 Change in Color, Brightness, and Fluorescence -- 4.3.4.4 Microleakage and Effects on Bond Strength -- 4.4 Tooth Sensitivity -- 4.4.1 Symptoms -- 4.4.2 Protection Protocols.
4.4.2.1 Incipient Carious Lesions -- 4.4.2.2 Presence of Cracks in the Enamel -- 4.4.2.3 Exposed Dentin Areas -- 4.4.2.4 Presence of Restorations with Marginal Gaps -- References -- 5: Human Pulpal Responses to Peroxides -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 In-Office Bleaching Mediating Toxicity on Dental Pulp Cells -- 5.3 Effects of At-Home Bleaching on Pulp Cells In Vitro -- 5.4 Histopathological Analysis of Human Dental Pulp After In-Office Bleaching -- 5.5 Tooth/Restoration Interface as a Pathway for Bleaching Inducing Toxicity -- 5.6 Strategies to Prevent Tooth-Bleaching Mediating Pulp Cells Oxidation -- References -- Part II: Current Techniques for Dental Whitening with Peroxides: Evidence Supporting Their Clinical Use -- 6: At-Home Tooth Whitening -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of At-Home Whitening -- 6.3 Efficacy and Durability -- 6.3.1 At-Home Whitening in a Custom-Fitted Tray -- 6.3.2 Jump-Start Whitening -- 6.3.3 Over-the-Counter (OTC) Whitening -- 6.4 At-Home Whitening with a Custom-Fitted Tray Supervised by a Dental Professional -- 6.4.1 Treatment Plan -- 6.4.2 Whitening Material -- 6.4.3 Bleaching Tray Design -- 6.4.4 Treatment Regimen -- 6.4.4.1 Physiological Discoloration -- 6.4.4.2 Tetracycline-Stained Teeth -- 6.4.4.3 Fluororis and Fluorosis-Like Enamel Hypocalcifications -- 6.4.4.4 Single-Tooth Whitening -- 6.5 Side Effects -- 6.5.1 Changes in Physical Properties and Ultra-morphology of Enamel and Dentin -- 6.5.2 Decrease in Bonding Effectiveness -- 6.5.3 Pulp Injury -- 6.5.4 Tooth Sensitivity -- 6.6 Recommendations for Dental Professionals -- 6.7 Frequently Asked Questions -- 6.7.1 Patients -- 6.7.2 Dental Professionals -- References -- 7: In-Office Whitening -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Efficacy -- 7.3 Adverse Effects -- 7.3.1 Bleaching-Induced Tooth Sensitivity (TS).
7.3.2 Gingival Tissue Irritation -- 7.4 Treatment Regimen with Step-By-Step Procedures -- 7.4.1 Making a Decision About the In-Office Bleaching Gel -- 7.4.2 Determination of the Baseline Tooth Color -- 7.4.3 Application of a Desensitizing Agent -- 7.4.4 Protection of the Soft Tissues -- 7.4.5 Application of the In-Office Bleaching Gel -- 7.5 Durability of Color Change and Need for Touch-Up -- 7.6 Frequently Asked Questions -- 7.6.1 Do We Need Lights to Activate Peroxidases? -- 7.6.2 Are Light-Activated Peroxides Available? -- 7.6.3 Manufacturers Recommend Several Consecutive Applications of the In-Office Whitening Gel? How Many Applications Are Needed? For How Long? -- 7.6.4 Are Calcium Phosphate and Fluoride Containing Gels Effective to Decrease Tooth Sensitivity Caused by In-Office Bleaching? -- 7.6.5 Why Are Some In-Office Whitening Products Referred to as "Chemically Activated"? -- 7.6.6 Does the "Jump-Start" Technique Improve the Final Result of a Whitening Treatment? -- References -- 8: Intracoronal Whitening of Endodontically Treated Teeth -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Etiology of Discoloration in Endodontically Treated Teeth -- 8.2.1 Systemic Causes of Posteruptive Intrinsic Stains -- 8.2.2 Local Causes of Posteruptive Intrinsic Stains -- 8.3 Treatment Plan Considerations -- 8.4 Whitening Techniques for Endodontically Treated Teeth -- 8.4.1 Thermocatalytic Technique -- 8.4.2 Walking Bleach Technique -- 8.4.3 Combined Techniques -- 8.5 Factors That Influence the Prognosis of Intracoronal Whitening -- 8.5.1 Duration of Discoloration -- 8.5.2 Intensity of Discoloration -- 8.5.3 Potential for Color Regression -- 8.5.4 Patient's Age -- 8.5.5 Type of Discoloration -- 8.6 Adverse Effects -- 8.6.1 External Cervical Resorption (ECR) -- 8.6.2 Ankylosis.
8.6.3 Alterations in the Physical Properties of the Residual Tooth Structure -- 8.6.4 Decrease in Enamel and Dentin Bond Strengths Immediately After Whitening -- 8.6.5 Chemical Burns of Soft Tissues -- 8.7 The Walking Bleach Technique -- 8.8 Summary -- References -- Part III: Enamel Etching Techniques for Improvement of Tooth Color -- 9: Enamel Microabrasion for Removal of Superficial Coloration and Surface Texture Defects -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Enamel Microabrasion Procedure -- 9.3 Representative Cases -- 9.3.1 Case One -- 9.3.2 Case Two -- 9.3.3 Case Three -- 9.3.4 Case Four -- 9.4 Discussion -- References -- 10: Resin Infiltration After Enamel Etching -- 10.1 White Spot Lesions -- 10.1.1 Initial Caries -- 10.1.2 Developmental Defects -- 10.1.2.1 Fluorosis -- 10.1.2.2 Posttraumatic Defects -- 10.1.2.3 Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) -- 10.2 Resin Infiltration -- 10.3 Case Selection -- 10.3.1 Infiltration of Buccal Caries -- 10.3.2 Infiltration of Developmental Defects -- 10.4 Treatment -- 10.5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Part IV: Clinical Application of Combined Techniques -- 11: Internal Whitening and At-Home Tray Whitening -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Clinical Technique -- Reference -- 12: At-Home Tray Whitening and Enamel Microabrasion -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Clinical Case -- References -- 13: At-Home Tray Whitening and Resin Infiltration After Acid Etching with HCl -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Clinical Technique -- References -- 14: At-Home Tray Whitening and Direct Resin-Based Composite Restorations -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Clinical Technique -- References -- 15: Restorative Options for Discolored Teeth -- 15.1 Dental Fluorosis Treated with Porcelain Crowns -- 15.2 Dental Fluorosis Treated with At-Home Whitening and Porcelain Veneers.
15.3 Enamel Idiopathic Hypomineralization Treated with Direct Resin-based Composite -- 15.4 Restorative Solution for a Case of Unsuccessful Intra-­coronal Whitening -- References.
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Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Tooth Whitening with Peroxides -- 1: Introduction to Tooth Whitening -- 1.1 History of Tooth Whitening -- 1.2 Current Tooth Whitening Techniques -- 1.3 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning -- 1.3.1 Check List During Examination -- 1.3.2 New Challenges in Tooth Whitening -- 1.3.2.1 Failed Attempts of Tooth Whitening -- 1.3.2.2 Erosion -- 1.3.2.3 Tooth Whitening in Children -- 1.3.2.4 Tooth Whitening on Teeth with Veneers and Orthodontic Braces -- 1.3.3 Monitoring the Progress of Tooth Whitening -- References -- 2: Tooth Whitening: How Does It Work -- 2.1 Etiology of Discolorations -- 2.1.1 Extrinsic Stains -- 2.1.2 Intrinsic Stains -- 2.1.2.1 Dental Fluorosis -- 2.1.2.2 Tetracycline Staining -- 2.1.2.3 Developmental Defects and Others -- 2.2 Mechanism of Peroxide Action -- 2.2.1 Phase One: Diffusion -- 2.2.2 Phase Two: Interaction -- 2.2.3 Phase Three: Surface Change and Color -- References -- 3: Overall Safety of Peroxides -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Toxicology of Hydrogen Peroxide -- 3.3 Peroxides in the Human Body -- 3.4 Systemic Effects -- 3.5 Genotoxicity -- 3.6 Carcinogenicity -- References -- 4: Complications from the Use of Peroxides -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Effect on Oral Soft Tissues -- 4.2.1 At-Home Bleaching -- 4.2.2 OTC Products -- 4.2.3 In-Office Bleaching -- 4.3 Effect on Oral Hard Tissues -- 4.3.1 Change in Color of Tooth Structure -- 4.3.2 Microabrasion and Tooth Bleaching -- 4.3.3 Change in Hardness/Susceptibility to Caries/Demineralization/Importance of Saliva -- 4.3.4 Effects on Restorations -- 4.3.4.1 Roughness -- 4.3.4.2 Hardness -- 4.3.4.3 Change in Color, Brightness, and Fluorescence -- 4.3.4.4 Microleakage and Effects on Bond Strength -- 4.4 Tooth Sensitivity -- 4.4.1 Symptoms -- 4.4.2 Protection Protocols.

4.4.2.1 Incipient Carious Lesions -- 4.4.2.2 Presence of Cracks in the Enamel -- 4.4.2.3 Exposed Dentin Areas -- 4.4.2.4 Presence of Restorations with Marginal Gaps -- References -- 5: Human Pulpal Responses to Peroxides -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 In-Office Bleaching Mediating Toxicity on Dental Pulp Cells -- 5.3 Effects of At-Home Bleaching on Pulp Cells In Vitro -- 5.4 Histopathological Analysis of Human Dental Pulp After In-Office Bleaching -- 5.5 Tooth/Restoration Interface as a Pathway for Bleaching Inducing Toxicity -- 5.6 Strategies to Prevent Tooth-Bleaching Mediating Pulp Cells Oxidation -- References -- Part II: Current Techniques for Dental Whitening with Peroxides: Evidence Supporting Their Clinical Use -- 6: At-Home Tooth Whitening -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of At-Home Whitening -- 6.3 Efficacy and Durability -- 6.3.1 At-Home Whitening in a Custom-Fitted Tray -- 6.3.2 Jump-Start Whitening -- 6.3.3 Over-the-Counter (OTC) Whitening -- 6.4 At-Home Whitening with a Custom-Fitted Tray Supervised by a Dental Professional -- 6.4.1 Treatment Plan -- 6.4.2 Whitening Material -- 6.4.3 Bleaching Tray Design -- 6.4.4 Treatment Regimen -- 6.4.4.1 Physiological Discoloration -- 6.4.4.2 Tetracycline-Stained Teeth -- 6.4.4.3 Fluororis and Fluorosis-Like Enamel Hypocalcifications -- 6.4.4.4 Single-Tooth Whitening -- 6.5 Side Effects -- 6.5.1 Changes in Physical Properties and Ultra-morphology of Enamel and Dentin -- 6.5.2 Decrease in Bonding Effectiveness -- 6.5.3 Pulp Injury -- 6.5.4 Tooth Sensitivity -- 6.6 Recommendations for Dental Professionals -- 6.7 Frequently Asked Questions -- 6.7.1 Patients -- 6.7.2 Dental Professionals -- References -- 7: In-Office Whitening -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Efficacy -- 7.3 Adverse Effects -- 7.3.1 Bleaching-Induced Tooth Sensitivity (TS).

7.3.2 Gingival Tissue Irritation -- 7.4 Treatment Regimen with Step-By-Step Procedures -- 7.4.1 Making a Decision About the In-Office Bleaching Gel -- 7.4.2 Determination of the Baseline Tooth Color -- 7.4.3 Application of a Desensitizing Agent -- 7.4.4 Protection of the Soft Tissues -- 7.4.5 Application of the In-Office Bleaching Gel -- 7.5 Durability of Color Change and Need for Touch-Up -- 7.6 Frequently Asked Questions -- 7.6.1 Do We Need Lights to Activate Peroxidases? -- 7.6.2 Are Light-Activated Peroxides Available? -- 7.6.3 Manufacturers Recommend Several Consecutive Applications of the In-Office Whitening Gel? How Many Applications Are Needed? For How Long? -- 7.6.4 Are Calcium Phosphate and Fluoride Containing Gels Effective to Decrease Tooth Sensitivity Caused by In-Office Bleaching? -- 7.6.5 Why Are Some In-Office Whitening Products Referred to as "Chemically Activated"? -- 7.6.6 Does the "Jump-Start" Technique Improve the Final Result of a Whitening Treatment? -- References -- 8: Intracoronal Whitening of Endodontically Treated Teeth -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Etiology of Discoloration in Endodontically Treated Teeth -- 8.2.1 Systemic Causes of Posteruptive Intrinsic Stains -- 8.2.2 Local Causes of Posteruptive Intrinsic Stains -- 8.3 Treatment Plan Considerations -- 8.4 Whitening Techniques for Endodontically Treated Teeth -- 8.4.1 Thermocatalytic Technique -- 8.4.2 Walking Bleach Technique -- 8.4.3 Combined Techniques -- 8.5 Factors That Influence the Prognosis of Intracoronal Whitening -- 8.5.1 Duration of Discoloration -- 8.5.2 Intensity of Discoloration -- 8.5.3 Potential for Color Regression -- 8.5.4 Patient's Age -- 8.5.5 Type of Discoloration -- 8.6 Adverse Effects -- 8.6.1 External Cervical Resorption (ECR) -- 8.6.2 Ankylosis.

8.6.3 Alterations in the Physical Properties of the Residual Tooth Structure -- 8.6.4 Decrease in Enamel and Dentin Bond Strengths Immediately After Whitening -- 8.6.5 Chemical Burns of Soft Tissues -- 8.7 The Walking Bleach Technique -- 8.8 Summary -- References -- Part III: Enamel Etching Techniques for Improvement of Tooth Color -- 9: Enamel Microabrasion for Removal of Superficial Coloration and Surface Texture Defects -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Enamel Microabrasion Procedure -- 9.3 Representative Cases -- 9.3.1 Case One -- 9.3.2 Case Two -- 9.3.3 Case Three -- 9.3.4 Case Four -- 9.4 Discussion -- References -- 10: Resin Infiltration After Enamel Etching -- 10.1 White Spot Lesions -- 10.1.1 Initial Caries -- 10.1.2 Developmental Defects -- 10.1.2.1 Fluorosis -- 10.1.2.2 Posttraumatic Defects -- 10.1.2.3 Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) -- 10.2 Resin Infiltration -- 10.3 Case Selection -- 10.3.1 Infiltration of Buccal Caries -- 10.3.2 Infiltration of Developmental Defects -- 10.4 Treatment -- 10.5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Part IV: Clinical Application of Combined Techniques -- 11: Internal Whitening and At-Home Tray Whitening -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Clinical Technique -- Reference -- 12: At-Home Tray Whitening and Enamel Microabrasion -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Clinical Case -- References -- 13: At-Home Tray Whitening and Resin Infiltration After Acid Etching with HCl -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Clinical Technique -- References -- 14: At-Home Tray Whitening and Direct Resin-Based Composite Restorations -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Clinical Technique -- References -- 15: Restorative Options for Discolored Teeth -- 15.1 Dental Fluorosis Treated with Porcelain Crowns -- 15.2 Dental Fluorosis Treated with At-Home Whitening and Porcelain Veneers.

15.3 Enamel Idiopathic Hypomineralization Treated with Direct Resin-based Composite -- 15.4 Restorative Solution for a Case of Unsuccessful Intra-­coronal Whitening -- References.

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