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The Business and Human Rights Landscape : Moving Forward, Looking Back.

Av: Medverkande: Materialtyp: TextUtgivningsuppgift: New York : Cambridge University Press, 2015Datum för upphovsrätt: ©2015Utgåva: 1st edBeskrivning: 1 online resource (624 pages)Innehållstyp:
  • text
Medietyp:
  • computer
Bärartyp:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781316436592
Ämnen: Genre/form: DDK-klassifikation:
  • 323
Onlineresurser:
Innehåll:
Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Notes on contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Looking Back -- 1 The Enterprise of Empire -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sovereign Power and International Legal Personality -- 2.1. Public Actors and Private Actors -- 2.2. Sovereign States vs. Economic Enterprises -- 2.3. Competing Accounts of Corporate Personhood and Power in International Law -- 2.3.1. The Positivist Perspective -- 2.3.2. The Pragmatist Perspective -- 2.3.3. Participants and Power -- 3. The Enterprise of Empire -- 3.1. Early Origins and the Evolution of the Multinational Corporation -- 3.2. The Crown, the Charter Company, and the Colonial Project -- 3.2.1. Charter Companies, the Power of the Crown, and Colonial Projects -- 3.2.2. Managing the "Mediate Sovereigns" -- 3.3. The Evils of Colonialism, the End of Empire, and Evolving Expectations -- 4. Incorporating Rights: Evolving Accounts of Corporate Identity -- 5. Conclusion: Evolving Corporate Obligations: From the Crown to the Community -- Acknowledgments -- 2 The Arab League Boycott of Israel -- 1. Competing Histories -- 2. Terms of the Boycott -- 3. Legality of the Boycott -- 3.1. Customary Law -- 4. Treaty Law -- 5. The Blacklist and Anti-Semitism -- 6. The Blacklist and Other Human Rights -- 7. U.S. Blocking Legislation -- 8. New Boycotts Replace the Old -- 9. Suggestions for Evaluating Legitimacy -- 10. Conclusion -- 3 Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives and the Evolution of the Business and Human Rights Discourse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. MSIs and Global Governance -- 2.1. MSI Emergence and Corporate Regulation -- 2.2. MSIs and Legitimacy Claims -- 2.3. Characterising MSI Models -- 3. The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) and Conflict Diamonds -- 3.1. Situating Conflict Diamonds -- 3.2. Definition of Conflict Diamonds.
3.3. The KPCS's Mandate -- 3.4. KPCS and 'Voluntarism' -- 4. The Confines of MSIs - Lessons from the KPCS -- 4.1. Clarity of Purpose -- 4.2. Inclusive and Equal Participation -- 4.3. Accountability and Transparency -- 4.4. Complaints and Grievance Mechanisms -- 5. Towards a Unified Account: Lessons from the KPCS -- 6. Conclusion -- 4 Business and Human Rights after Ruggie's Mandate -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The UN Norms and Special Representative Ruggie's Mandate -- 3. Should Private Actors Bear Human Rights Obligations? -- 3.1. From What Does International Human Rights Law Protect Us? -- 3.2. Calls for the Imposition of International Human Rights Obligations on Companies -- 3.3. Where Do We Go from Here? -- 4. Proposed Scope and Principles of Liability -- 4.1. Company Conduct on Behalf of a State or under Its Direction -- 4.2. Attribution in State Responsibility -- 4.3. Category One: Companies Empowered to Exercise Public Functions -- 4.4. Category Two: Companies Otherwise Linked to the State -- 4.5. Complicity -- 4.6. Defining Aiding and Abetting -- 4.7. For Which Human Rights Would Companies Have Responsibility? -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Part II The Framework -- 5 Business, Respect, and Human Rights -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Respecting Human Rights: Violating Rights Versus Harming Interests -- 3. Respecting Rights: Negative and Positive Actions -- 4. Business, Conflicting Responsibilities, and Guidance -- 4. Conclusions and Implications -- 6 Global Need -- 1. Norm Change -- 2. Corporate Social Responsibility -- 3. Corporate Philanthropy -- 4. The Bottom of the Pyramid -- 5. Shared Value -- 6. Social Enterprise -- 7 Corporate Accountability for Human Rights -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corporate Human Rights Obligations: From Their Sources, Nature to Their Scope -- 2.1. Corporate Obligation to Respect -- 2.2. Corporate Obligation to Protect.
2.3. Obligation to Fulfill -- 3. Corporate Criminal Responsibility for Human Rights -- 4. All in All, It Appears That There Is Growing Recognition of Corporate Criminal Liability for International Crimes -- 4.1. Corporations and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court -- 4.2. Individual Criminal Responsibility - Possibilities of Prosecuting the Agents of Corporations -- 4.3. Concurrence of Corporate and Individual Criminal Responsibility -- 5. Corporate Accountability for Human Rights -- 5.1. Alien Tort Claims Act -- 5.2. International and National Human Rights Law -- 6. An Alternative Way Forward: A Bottom-Up Approach -- 7. Conclusion -- 8 Living in a Material World - From Naming and Shaming to Knowing and Showing -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corporate Responsibility for Human Rights: A Brief Review of the U.S. Perspective -- 3. Is Naming and Shaming Corporations Enough to Change Corporate Behavior? -- 4. The Changing Face of Risk Management -- 5. Other Sources of Risk-Management Duties -- 5.1. The Role of Enterprise Risk Management -- 5.2. The Role of Investors -- 5.3. The Role of International Governments -- 6. Living in a Material World: The Age of Transparency and Integrated Reporting -- 6.1. The Human Rights Reporting and Assurance Frameworks Initiative (RAFI) -- 7. Knowing and Showing: Using Procurement and Pay as Leverage for Human Rights Accountability -- 9 Democratizing the Global Business and Human Rights Project by Catalyzing Strategic Litigation from the Bottom Up -- 1. Introduction: A Multidisciplinary Human Rights and Business Project -- 1.1. Prologue - Project Genesis and Roadmap -- 1.2. Contextualizing the DHR/CSL Project within the Global Business and Human Rights Enterprise -- 2. The Management of Knowledge -- 2.1. From Theory to Practice -- 2.2. The SECI Model of Knowledge Management.
2.3. Knowledge Spiral Cluster: A New Approach to Knowledge Management -- 3. Transmitting Knowledge: Human Rights Education -- 3.1. Human Rights Education: Methods and Structures -- 3.2. Three Stages of Implementation -- 4. Catalyzing Change through Litigation Strategies - the OECD Guidelines -- 5. Conclusion -- 10 The Impact of the 'Ruggie Framework' and the 'United Nations Guiding Principles... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Ruggie Framework and UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights -- 3. Types of 'Due Diligence' -- 4. Similarities and Differences with the Tort of Negligence -- 5. Relevance of the Tort of Negligence -- 6. Possible Impact of the Ruggie Framework and Guiding Principles on Negligence Claims -- 7. Conclusion -- 11 The Third Pillar -- 1. Background: The Origin and Content of the Third Pillar -- 1.1. The Origin of Remedy in the Ruggie Principles -- 1.2. The Content of the Third Pillar -- 2. Grievance Mechanisms -- 2.1. State Mechanisms -- 2.1.1. Non-Judicial Grievance Mechanisms -- 2.2. Company Mechanisms -- 2.2.1. Background -- 2.2.2. Components of Operational Grievance Mechanisms -- 2.3. International and Inter-State Mechanisms -- 2.3.1. Multi-Lateral Financial Institutions -- 2.3.2. International Treaty-Based Grievance Mechanisms -- 2.3.3. Regional Human Rights Commissions -- 2.3.4. Regional Human Rights Courts -- 2.4. Collaborative Initiatives -- 2.5. Effectiveness of Remedies -- 2.5.1. Effectiveness of State Judicial Remedies -- 2.5.2. Effectiveness of Non-Judicial Remedies -- 3. Conclusion -- 12 The Evolving Business and Society Landscape -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Integrating the Economic, the Social and the Moral - a Search for a Needle in a Haystack -- 3. Business and Human Rights -- 3.1. Kofi Annan and the Global Compact -- 3.2. The United Nations Norms.
3.3. The United Nations Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework and Guiding Principles -- 4. What Added Value for the Human Rights Approach? -- 4.1. Challenges -- 5. Transposing Human Rights into Business Policy and Practice -- 5.1. Adopting Human Rights Language within Existing Business Structures -- 5.2. The Business Case for Business and Human Rights -- 5.3. Institutional Sense Making -- 6. Conclusion -- Part III Moving Forward -- 13 From Principles to Practice -- 1. Re-Regulating the Business and Human Rights Landscape -- 2. The Rise of and Reliance on Private Regulation -- 3. From Principles to Practice -- 4. Blending Public and Private Regulation: The Changing Role of the State -- 5. Conclusion -- 14 Business, Human Rights, and Due Diligence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Support for a Shift to Formalizing Respect for Human Rights in Contractual Terms -- 2.1. Difficulties in Applying Public International Human Rights Law to Corporate Actors -- 2.2. The Benefits of Defining Human Rights in Specific Contractual Terms -- 2.3. Overcoming Challenges with Incorporating Human Rights into Contracts -- 3. The Responsibility to Assess, Mitigate and Remediate Human Rights Impacts -- 3.1. The Human Rights Due Diligence Process -- 3.2. Integration of Human Rights Due Diligence Findings -- 4. A Practical Approach: Formalizing Human Rights Mitigation and Remediation... -- 4.1. Tier 1: Identification of Rightsholders as Express Beneficiaries in Master Project Agreements -- 4.2. Tier II: Implications for Access to Remedy -- 5. Conclusion -- 15 Corporate Codes of Conduct and Working Conditions in the Global Supply Chain -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Labor and Employment Standards: The Enforcement Gap -- 2.1. International Standards and the ILO -- 2.2. Extraterritorial Application of United States Employment Laws -- 2.3. International Norms and the Alien Tort Statute.
3. Self-Regulation: Corporate Codes as Gap Filler.
Sammanfattning: This book provides a multidisciplinary, international, and comparative perspective on the emerging field of business and human rights. It offers both theoretical and practical guidance, focusing in particular on the foundational 2011 UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the first UN-sponsored document of its kind.
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Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Notes on contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Looking Back -- 1 The Enterprise of Empire -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sovereign Power and International Legal Personality -- 2.1. Public Actors and Private Actors -- 2.2. Sovereign States vs. Economic Enterprises -- 2.3. Competing Accounts of Corporate Personhood and Power in International Law -- 2.3.1. The Positivist Perspective -- 2.3.2. The Pragmatist Perspective -- 2.3.3. Participants and Power -- 3. The Enterprise of Empire -- 3.1. Early Origins and the Evolution of the Multinational Corporation -- 3.2. The Crown, the Charter Company, and the Colonial Project -- 3.2.1. Charter Companies, the Power of the Crown, and Colonial Projects -- 3.2.2. Managing the "Mediate Sovereigns" -- 3.3. The Evils of Colonialism, the End of Empire, and Evolving Expectations -- 4. Incorporating Rights: Evolving Accounts of Corporate Identity -- 5. Conclusion: Evolving Corporate Obligations: From the Crown to the Community -- Acknowledgments -- 2 The Arab League Boycott of Israel -- 1. Competing Histories -- 2. Terms of the Boycott -- 3. Legality of the Boycott -- 3.1. Customary Law -- 4. Treaty Law -- 5. The Blacklist and Anti-Semitism -- 6. The Blacklist and Other Human Rights -- 7. U.S. Blocking Legislation -- 8. New Boycotts Replace the Old -- 9. Suggestions for Evaluating Legitimacy -- 10. Conclusion -- 3 Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives and the Evolution of the Business and Human Rights Discourse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. MSIs and Global Governance -- 2.1. MSI Emergence and Corporate Regulation -- 2.2. MSIs and Legitimacy Claims -- 2.3. Characterising MSI Models -- 3. The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) and Conflict Diamonds -- 3.1. Situating Conflict Diamonds -- 3.2. Definition of Conflict Diamonds.

3.3. The KPCS's Mandate -- 3.4. KPCS and 'Voluntarism' -- 4. The Confines of MSIs - Lessons from the KPCS -- 4.1. Clarity of Purpose -- 4.2. Inclusive and Equal Participation -- 4.3. Accountability and Transparency -- 4.4. Complaints and Grievance Mechanisms -- 5. Towards a Unified Account: Lessons from the KPCS -- 6. Conclusion -- 4 Business and Human Rights after Ruggie's Mandate -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The UN Norms and Special Representative Ruggie's Mandate -- 3. Should Private Actors Bear Human Rights Obligations? -- 3.1. From What Does International Human Rights Law Protect Us? -- 3.2. Calls for the Imposition of International Human Rights Obligations on Companies -- 3.3. Where Do We Go from Here? -- 4. Proposed Scope and Principles of Liability -- 4.1. Company Conduct on Behalf of a State or under Its Direction -- 4.2. Attribution in State Responsibility -- 4.3. Category One: Companies Empowered to Exercise Public Functions -- 4.4. Category Two: Companies Otherwise Linked to the State -- 4.5. Complicity -- 4.6. Defining Aiding and Abetting -- 4.7. For Which Human Rights Would Companies Have Responsibility? -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Part II The Framework -- 5 Business, Respect, and Human Rights -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Respecting Human Rights: Violating Rights Versus Harming Interests -- 3. Respecting Rights: Negative and Positive Actions -- 4. Business, Conflicting Responsibilities, and Guidance -- 4. Conclusions and Implications -- 6 Global Need -- 1. Norm Change -- 2. Corporate Social Responsibility -- 3. Corporate Philanthropy -- 4. The Bottom of the Pyramid -- 5. Shared Value -- 6. Social Enterprise -- 7 Corporate Accountability for Human Rights -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corporate Human Rights Obligations: From Their Sources, Nature to Their Scope -- 2.1. Corporate Obligation to Respect -- 2.2. Corporate Obligation to Protect.

2.3. Obligation to Fulfill -- 3. Corporate Criminal Responsibility for Human Rights -- 4. All in All, It Appears That There Is Growing Recognition of Corporate Criminal Liability for International Crimes -- 4.1. Corporations and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court -- 4.2. Individual Criminal Responsibility - Possibilities of Prosecuting the Agents of Corporations -- 4.3. Concurrence of Corporate and Individual Criminal Responsibility -- 5. Corporate Accountability for Human Rights -- 5.1. Alien Tort Claims Act -- 5.2. International and National Human Rights Law -- 6. An Alternative Way Forward: A Bottom-Up Approach -- 7. Conclusion -- 8 Living in a Material World - From Naming and Shaming to Knowing and Showing -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corporate Responsibility for Human Rights: A Brief Review of the U.S. Perspective -- 3. Is Naming and Shaming Corporations Enough to Change Corporate Behavior? -- 4. The Changing Face of Risk Management -- 5. Other Sources of Risk-Management Duties -- 5.1. The Role of Enterprise Risk Management -- 5.2. The Role of Investors -- 5.3. The Role of International Governments -- 6. Living in a Material World: The Age of Transparency and Integrated Reporting -- 6.1. The Human Rights Reporting and Assurance Frameworks Initiative (RAFI) -- 7. Knowing and Showing: Using Procurement and Pay as Leverage for Human Rights Accountability -- 9 Democratizing the Global Business and Human Rights Project by Catalyzing Strategic Litigation from the Bottom Up -- 1. Introduction: A Multidisciplinary Human Rights and Business Project -- 1.1. Prologue - Project Genesis and Roadmap -- 1.2. Contextualizing the DHR/CSL Project within the Global Business and Human Rights Enterprise -- 2. The Management of Knowledge -- 2.1. From Theory to Practice -- 2.2. The SECI Model of Knowledge Management.

2.3. Knowledge Spiral Cluster: A New Approach to Knowledge Management -- 3. Transmitting Knowledge: Human Rights Education -- 3.1. Human Rights Education: Methods and Structures -- 3.2. Three Stages of Implementation -- 4. Catalyzing Change through Litigation Strategies - the OECD Guidelines -- 5. Conclusion -- 10 The Impact of the 'Ruggie Framework' and the 'United Nations Guiding Principles... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Ruggie Framework and UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights -- 3. Types of 'Due Diligence' -- 4. Similarities and Differences with the Tort of Negligence -- 5. Relevance of the Tort of Negligence -- 6. Possible Impact of the Ruggie Framework and Guiding Principles on Negligence Claims -- 7. Conclusion -- 11 The Third Pillar -- 1. Background: The Origin and Content of the Third Pillar -- 1.1. The Origin of Remedy in the Ruggie Principles -- 1.2. The Content of the Third Pillar -- 2. Grievance Mechanisms -- 2.1. State Mechanisms -- 2.1.1. Non-Judicial Grievance Mechanisms -- 2.2. Company Mechanisms -- 2.2.1. Background -- 2.2.2. Components of Operational Grievance Mechanisms -- 2.3. International and Inter-State Mechanisms -- 2.3.1. Multi-Lateral Financial Institutions -- 2.3.2. International Treaty-Based Grievance Mechanisms -- 2.3.3. Regional Human Rights Commissions -- 2.3.4. Regional Human Rights Courts -- 2.4. Collaborative Initiatives -- 2.5. Effectiveness of Remedies -- 2.5.1. Effectiveness of State Judicial Remedies -- 2.5.2. Effectiveness of Non-Judicial Remedies -- 3. Conclusion -- 12 The Evolving Business and Society Landscape -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Integrating the Economic, the Social and the Moral - a Search for a Needle in a Haystack -- 3. Business and Human Rights -- 3.1. Kofi Annan and the Global Compact -- 3.2. The United Nations Norms.

3.3. The United Nations Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework and Guiding Principles -- 4. What Added Value for the Human Rights Approach? -- 4.1. Challenges -- 5. Transposing Human Rights into Business Policy and Practice -- 5.1. Adopting Human Rights Language within Existing Business Structures -- 5.2. The Business Case for Business and Human Rights -- 5.3. Institutional Sense Making -- 6. Conclusion -- Part III Moving Forward -- 13 From Principles to Practice -- 1. Re-Regulating the Business and Human Rights Landscape -- 2. The Rise of and Reliance on Private Regulation -- 3. From Principles to Practice -- 4. Blending Public and Private Regulation: The Changing Role of the State -- 5. Conclusion -- 14 Business, Human Rights, and Due Diligence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Support for a Shift to Formalizing Respect for Human Rights in Contractual Terms -- 2.1. Difficulties in Applying Public International Human Rights Law to Corporate Actors -- 2.2. The Benefits of Defining Human Rights in Specific Contractual Terms -- 2.3. Overcoming Challenges with Incorporating Human Rights into Contracts -- 3. The Responsibility to Assess, Mitigate and Remediate Human Rights Impacts -- 3.1. The Human Rights Due Diligence Process -- 3.2. Integration of Human Rights Due Diligence Findings -- 4. A Practical Approach: Formalizing Human Rights Mitigation and Remediation... -- 4.1. Tier 1: Identification of Rightsholders as Express Beneficiaries in Master Project Agreements -- 4.2. Tier II: Implications for Access to Remedy -- 5. Conclusion -- 15 Corporate Codes of Conduct and Working Conditions in the Global Supply Chain -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Labor and Employment Standards: The Enforcement Gap -- 2.1. International Standards and the ILO -- 2.2. Extraterritorial Application of United States Employment Laws -- 2.3. International Norms and the Alien Tort Statute.

3. Self-Regulation: Corporate Codes as Gap Filler.

This book provides a multidisciplinary, international, and comparative perspective on the emerging field of business and human rights. It offers both theoretical and practical guidance, focusing in particular on the foundational 2011 UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the first UN-sponsored document of its kind.

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