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Medical Microbiology E-Book : Medical Microbiology E-Book.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextPublisher: Chantilly : Elsevier, 2015Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 8th edDescription: 1 online resource (977 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9780323359528
Subject(s): Genre/Form: DDC classification:
  • 616.9041
Online resources:
Contents:
Front Cover -- Student Consult page -- Medical Microbiology -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Preface -- To Our Future Colleagues: The Students -- Table Of Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Introduction to Medical Microbiology -- Viruses -- Bacteria -- Fungi -- Parasites -- Immunology -- Microbial Disease -- Diagnostic Microbiology -- Summary -- 2 Human Microbiome in Health and Disease -- Human Microbiome Project -- Core Microbiome -- Evolution of the Microbiome and Normal Flora -- Role of the Microbiome in Disease -- Diagnostics and Therapeutics -- Probiotics -- Perspective -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 3 Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis -- Sterilization -- Disinfection -- Antisepsis -- Mechanisms of Action -- Moist Heat -- Ethylene Oxide -- Aldehydes -- Oxidizing Agents -- Halogens -- Phenolic Compounds -- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds -- Alcohols -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 2 General Principles of Laboratory Diagnosis -- 4 Microscopy and in Vitro Culture -- Microscopy -- Microscopic Methods -- Brightfield (Light) Microscopy -- Darkfield Microscopy -- Phase-Contrast Microscopy -- Fluorescent Microscopy -- Electron Microscopy -- Examination Methods -- Direct Examination -- Differential Stains -- Acid-Fast Stains -- Fluorescent Stains -- In Vitro Culture -- Types of Culture Media -- Enriched Nonselective Media -- Selective Media and Differential Media -- Specialized Media -- Cell Culture -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 5 Molecular Diagnosis -- Detection of Microbial Genetic Material -- Electrophoretic Analysis of DNA and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism -- Nucleic Acid Detection, Amplification, and Sequencing -- Detection of Proteins -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 6 Serologic Diagnosis -- Antibodies -- Methods of Detection.
Precipitation and Immunodiffusion Techniques -- Immunoassays for Cell-Associated Antigen (Immunohistology) -- Immunoassays for Antibody and Soluble Antigen -- Serology -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 3 Basic Concepts in the Immune Response -- 7 Elements of Host Protective Responses -- Soluble Activators and Stimulators of Innate and Immune Functions -- Cells of the Immune Response -- Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation -- Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes -- Mononuclear Phagocyte System -- Dendritic Cells -- Lymphocytes -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 8 Innate Host Responses -- Barriers to Infection -- Soluble Components of Innate Responses -- Antimicrobial Peptides and Chelators -- Complement -- Alternate Pathway -- Lectin Pathway -- Classical Pathway -- Biological Activities of Complement Components -- Membrane Attack Complex -- Regulation of Complement Activation -- Interferons -- Cellular Components of Innate Responses -- Neutrophils -- Mast Cells, Basophils, Eosinophils -- Cells of the Monocyte-Macrophage Lineage -- Immature Dendritic Cells and Dendritic Cells -- Natural Killer Cells, Þ/e T Cells, and NKT Cells -- Activation of Innate Cellular Responses -- Chemotaxis and Leukocyte Migration -- Phagocytic Responses -- Normal Flora-Associated Responses -- Inflammation -- Proinflammatory Cytokines -- Acute Inflammation -- Acute-Phase Response -- Sepsis and Cytokine Storms -- Bridge to Antigen-Specific Immune Responses -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 9 Antigen-Specific Immune Responses -- Immunogens, Antigens, and Epitopes -- T Cells -- Cell Surface Receptors of T Cells -- Development of T Cells -- Initiation of T-Cell Responses -- Antigen Presentation to T Cells -- Peptide Presentation by Class I and Class II MHC Molecules -- Activation of CD4 T Cells and Their Response to Antigen.
CD4 T-Helper Cell Functions -- CD8 T Cells -- NKT Cells -- B Cells and Humoral Immunity -- Immunoglobulin Types and Structures -- Immunoglobulin D -- Immunoglobulin M -- Immunoglobulin G -- Immunoglobulin A -- Immunoglobulin E -- Immunogenetics -- Antibody Response -- Time Course of the Antibody Response -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 10 Immune Responses to Infectious Agents -- Antibacterial Responses -- Initiation of the Response -- Phagocytic Responses -- Antigen-Specific Response to Bacterial Challenge -- Skin, Intestinal, and Mucosal Immunity -- Bacterial Immunopathogenesis -- Bacterial Evasion of Protective Responses -- Antiviral Responses -- Host Defenses against Viral Infection -- Innate Defenses -- Interferon -- Antigen-Specific Immunity -- Humoral Immunity -- T-Cell Immunity -- Immune Response to Viral Challenge -- Primary Viral Challenge -- Secondary Viral Challenge -- Viral Mechanisms for Escaping the Immune Response -- Viral Immunopathogenesis -- Specific Immune Responses to Fungi -- Specific Immune Responses to Parasites -- Evasion of Immune Mechanisms by Parasites -- Other Immune Responses -- Immunopathogenesis -- Hypersensitivity Responses -- Cytokine Storm -- Autoimmune Responses -- Immunodeficiency -- Immunosuppression -- Hereditary Complement Deficiencies and Microbial Infection -- Defects in Phagocyte Action -- Deficiencies in Antigen-Specific Immune Responses -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 11 Antimicrobial Vaccines -- Types of Immunizations -- Passive Immunization -- Active Immunization -- Inactivated Vaccines -- Live Vaccines -- Future Directions for Vaccination -- Immunization Programs -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- Websites -- 4 Bacteriology -- 12 Bacterial Classification, Structure, and Replication -- Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.
Bacterial Classification -- Macroscopic and Microscopic Distinction -- Metabolic, Antigenic, and Genetic Distinction -- Bacterial Structure -- Cytoplasmic Structures -- Cell Wall -- Gram-Positive Bacteria -- Gram-Negative Bacteria -- External Structures -- Bacteria with Alternative Cell Wall Structures -- Structure and Biosynthesis of the Major Components of the Bacterial Cell Wall -- Peptidoglycan (Mucopeptide, Murein) -- Peptidoglycan Synthesis -- Teichoic Acid -- Lipopolysaccharide -- Cell Division -- Spores -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 13 Bacterial Metabolism and Genetics -- Bacterial Metabolism -- Metabolic Requirements -- Metabolism, Energy, and Biosynthesis -- Glycolysis and Fermentation -- Aerobic Respiration -- Anaerobic Respiration -- Pentose Phosphate Pathway -- Bacterial Genes and Expression -- Transcription -- Translation -- Control of Gene Expression -- Replication of DNA -- Bacterial Growth -- Population Dynamics -- Bacterial Genetics -- Mutation, Repair, and Recombination -- Mutations and Their Consequences -- Repair Mechanisms of DNA -- Gene Exchange in Prokaryotic Cells -- Mechanisms of Genetic Transfer between Cells -- Transformation -- Conjugation -- Transduction -- Recombination -- Genetic Engineering -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- Articles on Probiotics -- 14 Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis -- Entry into the Human Body -- Colonization, Adhesion, and Invasion -- Pathogenic Actions of Bacteria -- Tissue Destruction -- Toxins -- Exotoxins -- Endotoxin and Other Cell Wall Components -- Immunopathogenesis -- Mechanisms for Escaping Host Defenses -- Summary -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 15 Role of Bacteria in Disease -- Bibliography -- 16 Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases -- Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing -- Blood -- Cerebrospinal Fluid.
Other Normally Sterile Fluids -- Upper Respiratory Tract Specimens -- Lower Respiratory Tract Specimens -- Ear and Eye -- Wounds, Abscesses, and Tissues -- Urine -- Genital Specimens -- Fecal Specimens -- Bacterial Detection and Identification -- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 17 Antibacterial Agents -- Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis -- Ý-Lactam Antibiotics -- Penicillins -- Cephalosporins and Cephamycins -- Carbapenems and Monobactams -- Glycopeptides -- Lipopeptides -- Polypeptides -- Isoniazid, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, and Cycloserine -- Inhibition of Protein Synthesis -- Aminoglycosides -- Tetracyclines -- Glycylclines -- Oxazolidinones -- Chloramphenicol -- Macrolides -- Ketolides -- Clindamycin -- Streptogramins -- Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis -- Quinolones -- Rifampin and Rifabutin -- Metronidazole -- Antimetabolites -- Other Antibiotics -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 18 Staphylococcus and Related Gram-Positive Cocci -- Answers -- Physiology and Structure -- Capsule and Slime Layer -- Peptidoglycan and Associated Enzymes -- Teichoic Acids and Lipoteichoic Acids -- Surface Adhesion Proteins -- Cytoplasmic Membrane -- Pathogenesis and Immunity -- Regulation of Virulence Genes -- Defenses Against Innate Immunity -- Staphylococcal Toxins -- Cytotoxins -- Exfoliative Toxins -- Enterotoxins -- Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 -- Staphylococcal Enzymes -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Diseases (Box 18-1) -- Staphylococcus aureus -- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) -- Staphylococcal Food Poisoning (Clinical Case 18-1) -- Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS -- Clinical Case 18-2) -- Cutaneous Infections -- Bacteremia and Endocarditis (Clinical Case 18-3) -- Pneumonia and Empyema -- Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis.
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Other Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci.
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Front Cover -- Student Consult page -- Medical Microbiology -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Preface -- To Our Future Colleagues: The Students -- Table Of Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Introduction to Medical Microbiology -- Viruses -- Bacteria -- Fungi -- Parasites -- Immunology -- Microbial Disease -- Diagnostic Microbiology -- Summary -- 2 Human Microbiome in Health and Disease -- Human Microbiome Project -- Core Microbiome -- Evolution of the Microbiome and Normal Flora -- Role of the Microbiome in Disease -- Diagnostics and Therapeutics -- Probiotics -- Perspective -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 3 Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis -- Sterilization -- Disinfection -- Antisepsis -- Mechanisms of Action -- Moist Heat -- Ethylene Oxide -- Aldehydes -- Oxidizing Agents -- Halogens -- Phenolic Compounds -- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds -- Alcohols -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 2 General Principles of Laboratory Diagnosis -- 4 Microscopy and in Vitro Culture -- Microscopy -- Microscopic Methods -- Brightfield (Light) Microscopy -- Darkfield Microscopy -- Phase-Contrast Microscopy -- Fluorescent Microscopy -- Electron Microscopy -- Examination Methods -- Direct Examination -- Differential Stains -- Acid-Fast Stains -- Fluorescent Stains -- In Vitro Culture -- Types of Culture Media -- Enriched Nonselective Media -- Selective Media and Differential Media -- Specialized Media -- Cell Culture -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 5 Molecular Diagnosis -- Detection of Microbial Genetic Material -- Electrophoretic Analysis of DNA and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism -- Nucleic Acid Detection, Amplification, and Sequencing -- Detection of Proteins -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 6 Serologic Diagnosis -- Antibodies -- Methods of Detection.

Precipitation and Immunodiffusion Techniques -- Immunoassays for Cell-Associated Antigen (Immunohistology) -- Immunoassays for Antibody and Soluble Antigen -- Serology -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 3 Basic Concepts in the Immune Response -- 7 Elements of Host Protective Responses -- Soluble Activators and Stimulators of Innate and Immune Functions -- Cells of the Immune Response -- Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation -- Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes -- Mononuclear Phagocyte System -- Dendritic Cells -- Lymphocytes -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 8 Innate Host Responses -- Barriers to Infection -- Soluble Components of Innate Responses -- Antimicrobial Peptides and Chelators -- Complement -- Alternate Pathway -- Lectin Pathway -- Classical Pathway -- Biological Activities of Complement Components -- Membrane Attack Complex -- Regulation of Complement Activation -- Interferons -- Cellular Components of Innate Responses -- Neutrophils -- Mast Cells, Basophils, Eosinophils -- Cells of the Monocyte-Macrophage Lineage -- Immature Dendritic Cells and Dendritic Cells -- Natural Killer Cells, Þ/e T Cells, and NKT Cells -- Activation of Innate Cellular Responses -- Chemotaxis and Leukocyte Migration -- Phagocytic Responses -- Normal Flora-Associated Responses -- Inflammation -- Proinflammatory Cytokines -- Acute Inflammation -- Acute-Phase Response -- Sepsis and Cytokine Storms -- Bridge to Antigen-Specific Immune Responses -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 9 Antigen-Specific Immune Responses -- Immunogens, Antigens, and Epitopes -- T Cells -- Cell Surface Receptors of T Cells -- Development of T Cells -- Initiation of T-Cell Responses -- Antigen Presentation to T Cells -- Peptide Presentation by Class I and Class II MHC Molecules -- Activation of CD4 T Cells and Their Response to Antigen.

CD4 T-Helper Cell Functions -- CD8 T Cells -- NKT Cells -- B Cells and Humoral Immunity -- Immunoglobulin Types and Structures -- Immunoglobulin D -- Immunoglobulin M -- Immunoglobulin G -- Immunoglobulin A -- Immunoglobulin E -- Immunogenetics -- Antibody Response -- Time Course of the Antibody Response -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 10 Immune Responses to Infectious Agents -- Antibacterial Responses -- Initiation of the Response -- Phagocytic Responses -- Antigen-Specific Response to Bacterial Challenge -- Skin, Intestinal, and Mucosal Immunity -- Bacterial Immunopathogenesis -- Bacterial Evasion of Protective Responses -- Antiviral Responses -- Host Defenses against Viral Infection -- Innate Defenses -- Interferon -- Antigen-Specific Immunity -- Humoral Immunity -- T-Cell Immunity -- Immune Response to Viral Challenge -- Primary Viral Challenge -- Secondary Viral Challenge -- Viral Mechanisms for Escaping the Immune Response -- Viral Immunopathogenesis -- Specific Immune Responses to Fungi -- Specific Immune Responses to Parasites -- Evasion of Immune Mechanisms by Parasites -- Other Immune Responses -- Immunopathogenesis -- Hypersensitivity Responses -- Cytokine Storm -- Autoimmune Responses -- Immunodeficiency -- Immunosuppression -- Hereditary Complement Deficiencies and Microbial Infection -- Defects in Phagocyte Action -- Deficiencies in Antigen-Specific Immune Responses -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 11 Antimicrobial Vaccines -- Types of Immunizations -- Passive Immunization -- Active Immunization -- Inactivated Vaccines -- Live Vaccines -- Future Directions for Vaccination -- Immunization Programs -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- Websites -- 4 Bacteriology -- 12 Bacterial Classification, Structure, and Replication -- Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.

Bacterial Classification -- Macroscopic and Microscopic Distinction -- Metabolic, Antigenic, and Genetic Distinction -- Bacterial Structure -- Cytoplasmic Structures -- Cell Wall -- Gram-Positive Bacteria -- Gram-Negative Bacteria -- External Structures -- Bacteria with Alternative Cell Wall Structures -- Structure and Biosynthesis of the Major Components of the Bacterial Cell Wall -- Peptidoglycan (Mucopeptide, Murein) -- Peptidoglycan Synthesis -- Teichoic Acid -- Lipopolysaccharide -- Cell Division -- Spores -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 13 Bacterial Metabolism and Genetics -- Bacterial Metabolism -- Metabolic Requirements -- Metabolism, Energy, and Biosynthesis -- Glycolysis and Fermentation -- Aerobic Respiration -- Anaerobic Respiration -- Pentose Phosphate Pathway -- Bacterial Genes and Expression -- Transcription -- Translation -- Control of Gene Expression -- Replication of DNA -- Bacterial Growth -- Population Dynamics -- Bacterial Genetics -- Mutation, Repair, and Recombination -- Mutations and Their Consequences -- Repair Mechanisms of DNA -- Gene Exchange in Prokaryotic Cells -- Mechanisms of Genetic Transfer between Cells -- Transformation -- Conjugation -- Transduction -- Recombination -- Genetic Engineering -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- Articles on Probiotics -- 14 Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis -- Entry into the Human Body -- Colonization, Adhesion, and Invasion -- Pathogenic Actions of Bacteria -- Tissue Destruction -- Toxins -- Exotoxins -- Endotoxin and Other Cell Wall Components -- Immunopathogenesis -- Mechanisms for Escaping Host Defenses -- Summary -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 15 Role of Bacteria in Disease -- Bibliography -- 16 Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases -- Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing -- Blood -- Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Other Normally Sterile Fluids -- Upper Respiratory Tract Specimens -- Lower Respiratory Tract Specimens -- Ear and Eye -- Wounds, Abscesses, and Tissues -- Urine -- Genital Specimens -- Fecal Specimens -- Bacterial Detection and Identification -- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 17 Antibacterial Agents -- Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis -- Ý-Lactam Antibiotics -- Penicillins -- Cephalosporins and Cephamycins -- Carbapenems and Monobactams -- Glycopeptides -- Lipopeptides -- Polypeptides -- Isoniazid, Ethionamide, Ethambutol, and Cycloserine -- Inhibition of Protein Synthesis -- Aminoglycosides -- Tetracyclines -- Glycylclines -- Oxazolidinones -- Chloramphenicol -- Macrolides -- Ketolides -- Clindamycin -- Streptogramins -- Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis -- Quinolones -- Rifampin and Rifabutin -- Metronidazole -- Antimetabolites -- Other Antibiotics -- Questions -- Answers -- Bibliography -- 18 Staphylococcus and Related Gram-Positive Cocci -- Answers -- Physiology and Structure -- Capsule and Slime Layer -- Peptidoglycan and Associated Enzymes -- Teichoic Acids and Lipoteichoic Acids -- Surface Adhesion Proteins -- Cytoplasmic Membrane -- Pathogenesis and Immunity -- Regulation of Virulence Genes -- Defenses Against Innate Immunity -- Staphylococcal Toxins -- Cytotoxins -- Exfoliative Toxins -- Enterotoxins -- Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 -- Staphylococcal Enzymes -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Diseases (Box 18-1) -- Staphylococcus aureus -- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) -- Staphylococcal Food Poisoning (Clinical Case 18-1) -- Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS -- Clinical Case 18-2) -- Cutaneous Infections -- Bacteremia and Endocarditis (Clinical Case 18-3) -- Pneumonia and Empyema -- Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis.

Staphylococcus epidermidis and Other Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

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