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The Research Process in Nursing.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextPublisher: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2010Copyright date: ©2010Edition: 6th edDescription: 1 online resource (568 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781118682098
Subject(s): Genre/Form: DDC classification:
  • 610.73072
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Title page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Section 1 Setting the Scene -- Chapter 1 Research and Development in Nursing -- Introduction -- Nursing research and development -- Developing nursing knowledge -- Research awareness, utilisation and activity -- Research and nursing practice -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 2 The Research Process -- Introduction -- Developing the research question -- Using a hypothesis -- Searching and evaluating the literature -- Choice of methodology, research design -- Preparing a research proposal -- Gaining access to the data -- Sampling -- Pilot study -- Data collection -- Data analysis -- Dissemination of the results -- Implementation of the results -- Ensuring rigour -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 3 Research Ethics -- The importance of ethics in research -- Issues for researchers to address -- Strategies for ethical research -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 4 User Involvement in Research -- Introduction -- A brief history of user involvement in research -- Mapping user involvement in nursing research -- Challenges for user involvement in nursing research -- Weighing user experiences - learning disability as a case example -- Shifting the focus from processes to outcomes -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 5 Research for a Multi-ethnic Society -- Introduction -- The concept of ethnicity -- Identifying a research focus -- Ethnic categories and labels -- Sampling -- Data collection -- Data analysis and interpretation -- Ethical issues -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Section 2 Preparing the Ground -- Chapter 6 Finding the Evidence -- Introduction -- Electronic information resources and the internet -- The research literature -- Accessing the literature.
Planning a literature search -- Searching the literature -- Specialist information sources -- Writing a literature review -- Managing references -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 7 Critical Appraisal of the Evidence -- Introduction -- What i s critical appraisal? -- The need for critical appraisal -- Validity of research designs -- How to appraise quantitative research studies -- How to appraise qualitative research studies -- How to appraise systematic reviews, practice guidelines and economic analysis -- Applying the results of critical appraisal -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 8 Preparing a Research Proposal -- Introduction -- Identifying a research idea -- Identifying sources of funding -- The research proposal -- Submission requirements -- Maximising success -- Conclusions -- Reference -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 9 Planning and Managing a Research Project -- Introduction -- Identifying and finding funding -- Academic and practical support -- Types of supervisor -- Supervision selection criteria -- The responsibilities of the supervisor -- The responsibilities of the student -- Sources of emotional and peer support -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 10 Gaining Access to the Research Site -- Introduction -- The need for regulation of research -- Research ethics -- R&amp -- d approval -- Informal access to research sites -- Building the approval process into research planning -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Section 3 Choosing the Right Approach -- Chapter 11 The Quantitative-Qualitative Continuum -- Introduction -- The characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research -- Influences and contributions to the development of nursing research -- Empiricism and the scientific method -- Quantitative research.
Qualitative research -- Critical accounts of research epistemology -- Blending quantitative and qualitative approaches -- Judging the quality of quantitative and qualitative research -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 12 Sampling -- Introduction -- Populations and samples -- Types of sampling -- Sampling schemes in quantitative research -- Calculating sample size in quantitative research -- Sources of bias in quantitative sampling -- Sampling in qualitative research -- Calculating sample size in qualitative research -- Sampling strategies used in qualitative and quantitative research -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 13 Grounded Theory -- Introduction -- The purpose and main features of grounded t heory -- The relevance of grounded theory in nursing research -- The theoretical basis of grounded theory: symbolic interactionism -- Data collection and initial sampling -- Data analysis -- The theory -- Writing memos -- The use of literature in grounded theory -- The choice between glaserian and straussian grounded theory -- Problems and strengths of grounded theory -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Website -- Chapter 14 Ethnography -- Introduction -- The characteristics of ethnography -- The use of ethnography in nursing -- Descriptive and critical ethnography -- Selection of sample and setting -- Data collection -- Fieldwork and fieldnotes -- Macro and micro ethnographies -- Data analysis and interpretation -- Relationships and problems in the setting -- The ethnographic report -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 15 Phenomenological Research -- Introduction -- The purpose of phenomenological research -- The use of phenomenology in nursing -- Main features -- Fieldwork -- Analytical procedures -- Strengths and limitations -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading.
Websites -- Chapter 16 Narrative Research -- Introduction -- The nature and purpose of stories -- Narrative inquiry in nursing -- Illness narratives or stories of sickness -- Ethical issues in narrative research -- Collecting and analysing narrative data -- Critical issues in narrative inquiry -- Writing and reporting narrative research -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 17 Experimental Research -- Background -- Experimental versus observational studies -- Characteristics of experimental design -- Pre-/post-test studies -- Interrupted time series -- Controlled before and after studies -- Controlled trials -- The randomised controlled trial (RCT) -- Randomised controlled trials and the reduction of bias -- Other experimental designs -- Single case experimental design (n of 1 trial) -- Reporting and reading of RCTs -- Important considerations in using RCTs -- Strengths and limitations of RCTs -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 18 Surveys -- Historical development of survey research in health -- Descriptive surveys -- Correlational and comparative surveys -- Longitudinal surveys and cohort studies -- Sources of data in survey research -- Epidemiology -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 19 The Delphi Technique -- Introduction -- Defining the delphi technique -- The expert panel -- Delphi rounds -- Response rates -- Modifications of the delphi technique -- Time frame -- Anonymity -- Gaining consensus -- Interpreting results -- Skills of the researcher -- Critique of the technique -- Ethical considerations -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 20 Case Study Research -- Introduction -- Definitions of case study methodology -- Research questions -- Selection of cases -- Research design -- Data analysis -- Presentation and reporting -- Conclusions.
References -- Chapter 21 Evaluation Research -- What is evaluation? -- Why evaluation research? -- The satisfaction questionnaire -- Models of evaluation -- Quantitative or qualitative? -- The political nature of evaluation -- Evaluation research and evidence based practice -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 22 Action Research -- Principles of action research -- Common models of working with action research in nursing -- Action research in healthcare practice -- The role of the researcher in action research -- Ethical issues -- Methods of data collection -- Assessing quality -- Research as an agent of change -- Advantages and disadvantages of action research -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 23 Practitioner Research -- Introduction -- Background to practitioner research -- Insider and outsider positions -- Reflecting on the practitioner research process -- Ethical issues -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 24 Systematic Reviews and Evidence Syntheses -- Introduction -- Background to evidence synthesis -- Writing a systematic review protocol -- Systematically searching the literature -- Assessing the quality of the literature -- Extracting key information from the selected studies -- Summarising, interpreting and presenting the findings -- Writing up the review -- Systematic reviews of qualitative research -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 25 Realist Synthesis -- Introduction -- Realist synthesis: philosophy and principles -- Realist synthesis: examples -- Stages in conducting a realist synthesis -- Data synthesis -- Narrative construction -- Strengths and limitations of realist synthesis -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 26 Historical Research -- Introduction -- Why study history? -- Shifting sands.
Voyage of discovery or journey without maps?.
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Intro -- Title page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Section 1 Setting the Scene -- Chapter 1 Research and Development in Nursing -- Introduction -- Nursing research and development -- Developing nursing knowledge -- Research awareness, utilisation and activity -- Research and nursing practice -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 2 The Research Process -- Introduction -- Developing the research question -- Using a hypothesis -- Searching and evaluating the literature -- Choice of methodology, research design -- Preparing a research proposal -- Gaining access to the data -- Sampling -- Pilot study -- Data collection -- Data analysis -- Dissemination of the results -- Implementation of the results -- Ensuring rigour -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 3 Research Ethics -- The importance of ethics in research -- Issues for researchers to address -- Strategies for ethical research -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 4 User Involvement in Research -- Introduction -- A brief history of user involvement in research -- Mapping user involvement in nursing research -- Challenges for user involvement in nursing research -- Weighing user experiences - learning disability as a case example -- Shifting the focus from processes to outcomes -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 5 Research for a Multi-ethnic Society -- Introduction -- The concept of ethnicity -- Identifying a research focus -- Ethnic categories and labels -- Sampling -- Data collection -- Data analysis and interpretation -- Ethical issues -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Section 2 Preparing the Ground -- Chapter 6 Finding the Evidence -- Introduction -- Electronic information resources and the internet -- The research literature -- Accessing the literature.

Planning a literature search -- Searching the literature -- Specialist information sources -- Writing a literature review -- Managing references -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 7 Critical Appraisal of the Evidence -- Introduction -- What i s critical appraisal? -- The need for critical appraisal -- Validity of research designs -- How to appraise quantitative research studies -- How to appraise qualitative research studies -- How to appraise systematic reviews, practice guidelines and economic analysis -- Applying the results of critical appraisal -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 8 Preparing a Research Proposal -- Introduction -- Identifying a research idea -- Identifying sources of funding -- The research proposal -- Submission requirements -- Maximising success -- Conclusions -- Reference -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 9 Planning and Managing a Research Project -- Introduction -- Identifying and finding funding -- Academic and practical support -- Types of supervisor -- Supervision selection criteria -- The responsibilities of the supervisor -- The responsibilities of the student -- Sources of emotional and peer support -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 10 Gaining Access to the Research Site -- Introduction -- The need for regulation of research -- Research ethics -- R&amp -- d approval -- Informal access to research sites -- Building the approval process into research planning -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Section 3 Choosing the Right Approach -- Chapter 11 The Quantitative-Qualitative Continuum -- Introduction -- The characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research -- Influences and contributions to the development of nursing research -- Empiricism and the scientific method -- Quantitative research.

Qualitative research -- Critical accounts of research epistemology -- Blending quantitative and qualitative approaches -- Judging the quality of quantitative and qualitative research -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 12 Sampling -- Introduction -- Populations and samples -- Types of sampling -- Sampling schemes in quantitative research -- Calculating sample size in quantitative research -- Sources of bias in quantitative sampling -- Sampling in qualitative research -- Calculating sample size in qualitative research -- Sampling strategies used in qualitative and quantitative research -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 13 Grounded Theory -- Introduction -- The purpose and main features of grounded t heory -- The relevance of grounded theory in nursing research -- The theoretical basis of grounded theory: symbolic interactionism -- Data collection and initial sampling -- Data analysis -- The theory -- Writing memos -- The use of literature in grounded theory -- The choice between glaserian and straussian grounded theory -- Problems and strengths of grounded theory -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Website -- Chapter 14 Ethnography -- Introduction -- The characteristics of ethnography -- The use of ethnography in nursing -- Descriptive and critical ethnography -- Selection of sample and setting -- Data collection -- Fieldwork and fieldnotes -- Macro and micro ethnographies -- Data analysis and interpretation -- Relationships and problems in the setting -- The ethnographic report -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 15 Phenomenological Research -- Introduction -- The purpose of phenomenological research -- The use of phenomenology in nursing -- Main features -- Fieldwork -- Analytical procedures -- Strengths and limitations -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading.

Websites -- Chapter 16 Narrative Research -- Introduction -- The nature and purpose of stories -- Narrative inquiry in nursing -- Illness narratives or stories of sickness -- Ethical issues in narrative research -- Collecting and analysing narrative data -- Critical issues in narrative inquiry -- Writing and reporting narrative research -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 17 Experimental Research -- Background -- Experimental versus observational studies -- Characteristics of experimental design -- Pre-/post-test studies -- Interrupted time series -- Controlled before and after studies -- Controlled trials -- The randomised controlled trial (RCT) -- Randomised controlled trials and the reduction of bias -- Other experimental designs -- Single case experimental design (n of 1 trial) -- Reporting and reading of RCTs -- Important considerations in using RCTs -- Strengths and limitations of RCTs -- Conclusions -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 18 Surveys -- Historical development of survey research in health -- Descriptive surveys -- Correlational and comparative surveys -- Longitudinal surveys and cohort studies -- Sources of data in survey research -- Epidemiology -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 19 The Delphi Technique -- Introduction -- Defining the delphi technique -- The expert panel -- Delphi rounds -- Response rates -- Modifications of the delphi technique -- Time frame -- Anonymity -- Gaining consensus -- Interpreting results -- Skills of the researcher -- Critique of the technique -- Ethical considerations -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 20 Case Study Research -- Introduction -- Definitions of case study methodology -- Research questions -- Selection of cases -- Research design -- Data analysis -- Presentation and reporting -- Conclusions.

References -- Chapter 21 Evaluation Research -- What is evaluation? -- Why evaluation research? -- The satisfaction questionnaire -- Models of evaluation -- Quantitative or qualitative? -- The political nature of evaluation -- Evaluation research and evidence based practice -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 22 Action Research -- Principles of action research -- Common models of working with action research in nursing -- Action research in healthcare practice -- The role of the researcher in action research -- Ethical issues -- Methods of data collection -- Assessing quality -- Research as an agent of change -- Advantages and disadvantages of action research -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 23 Practitioner Research -- Introduction -- Background to practitioner research -- Insider and outsider positions -- Reflecting on the practitioner research process -- Ethical issues -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 24 Systematic Reviews and Evidence Syntheses -- Introduction -- Background to evidence synthesis -- Writing a systematic review protocol -- Systematically searching the literature -- Assessing the quality of the literature -- Extracting key information from the selected studies -- Summarising, interpreting and presenting the findings -- Writing up the review -- Systematic reviews of qualitative research -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Websites -- Chapter 25 Realist Synthesis -- Introduction -- Realist synthesis: philosophy and principles -- Realist synthesis: examples -- Stages in conducting a realist synthesis -- Data synthesis -- Narrative construction -- Strengths and limitations of realist synthesis -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 26 Historical Research -- Introduction -- Why study history? -- Shifting sands.

Voyage of discovery or journey without maps?.

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