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Embodied Grounding : Social, Cognitive, Affective, and Neuroscientific Approaches.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextPublisher: New York : Cambridge University Press, 2008Copyright date: ©2008Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (322 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9780511477270
Subject(s): Genre/Form: DDC classification:
  • 150.19/8
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introducing Embodied Grounding -- PART ONE EMBODIED LANGUAGE AND CONCEPTS -- 1 Grounding Symbolic Operations in the Brain's Modal Systems -- Grounding cognition in the brain's modal systems -- The Capture and Simulation of Modal States in Embodied Architectures -- Additional Assumptions -- The Status of Empirical Evidence for Grounded Knowledge -- The Importance of Going beyond Demonstration Experiments -- An Example -- Symbolic Operations -- Representing Concepts and Instances: Simulators and Simulations -- Implementing the Symbolic Function of Predication in PSS -- Implementing Conceptual Combination in PSS -- Representing Abstract Concepts in PSS -- Empirical evidence for the pss account of symbolic operations -- Predication -- The Property Verification Task -- Evidence from Brain Activation -- Evidence from Property Switching -- Evidence from Matching Property Simulations to Object Regions -- Summary -- Conceptual Combination -- Abstract Concepts -- Evidence from Property Generation -- Evidence from Brain Activation -- Limitations of the Current Evidence -- Symbolic operations arise from interactions between language and simulation -- Author notes -- References -- 2 Toward the Integration of Bodily States, Language, and Action -- Cognition is for action -- What Brains Are For -- Action, Evolution of Cognition, and Meaning -- The Indexical Hypothesis -- Neural exploitation -- The Neuroscience of Language and Action -- Developmental Support for the Language and Action Connection -- Behavioral Support for the Connection between Language and Action -- Language and Perceptual Systems -- Language and Emotional Systems -- Language and Neural Exploitation: Summary -- A cognitive system for action -- Overview -- Forward Models and Motor Control -- Language and Action.
Language Learning -- Mirror System and Word Learning -- Learning Abstract Syntactic Constructions -- Constraints on Emulation -- Affordances -- Learning -- Mechanistic Action Selection -- Tests of the framework -- Changing Spatial Location of Objects -- Changing Effector State -- Changing Emotional State -- Discussion -- Relation to Barsalou and Prinz -- Further Tests of the Proposal -- Mirror System Localization -- Plasticity Induced by Practice -- Movement Disorders and Language -- Application to Education -- References -- 3 Brain Embodiment of Category-Specific Semantic Memory Circuits -- Embodied action-perception networks for storing semantic information: the case of category-specificity -- Some problems with semantic category-specificity -- Cortical embodiment of semantics: the case of action words -- Somatotopic semantic activation: comprehension or post-comprehension inference? -- Theoretical issues: can the motor cortex map aspects of semantics? -- Abstraction from a brain perspective -- Language processes in the brain: distributed, discrete, or both? -- One or more semantic-conceptual binding sites? -- Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 What Thoughts Are Made Of -- Introduction -- Perceptual symbols and their limitations -- The role of natural language statistics -- Summary -- References -- PART TWO EMBODIMENT OF SOCIAL COGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS -- 5 Grounding Social Cognition: Synchronization, Coordination, and Co-Regulation -- Introduction -- The social cognition (sc) model -- The sc model: the evidence -- Synchronization of Action -- Synchronization of Emotion -- Functional Utility of Synchronization -- Goal Mediated Synchronization -- Co-regulation of behavior: entrainment, mimicry, and coordination -- Entrainment -- Mimicry -- Coordination -- Co-regulation of Behavior -- Conclusion -- References.
6 An Embodied Account of Self-Other "Overlap" and Its Effects -- Embodied cues and relational models -- Interpersonal synchrony and self-other overlap -- Interpersonal touch and self-other overlap -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 The Embodiment of Power and Communalism in Space and Bodily Contact -- The mental representation of relational models: cognitive embodiment -- Testing for cognitive embodiment -- Evidence for cognitive embodiment of communal sharing -- Physical Proximity -- Bodily Contact -- Imitation -- Food Sharing -- Evidence for cognitive embodiment of authority ranking -- Size and Height -- Vertical Position -- Conclusions -- Implications of Embodied Relational Models -- Author note -- References -- 8 Embodied Persuasion: Fundamental Processes By Which Bodily Responses Can Impact Attitudes -- Fundamental processes of embodied persuasion -- Bodily Responses Can Serve as Simple Cues -- Basic Associative Processes -- Simple Inferences from Bodily Responses -- Bodily Responses Can Influence the Amount of Thinking -- Body Postures -- Bodily States Indicating Power -- Bodily Responses Can Influence the Direction of Thinking -- Head Movements -- Arm Flexion Versus Extension -- Bodily Responses Can Influence Thought-Confidence -- Head Movements -- Dominant Versus Non-Dominant Hand -- Behavioral Indicators of Power -- Additional High Elaboration Processes for Bodily Responses -- Distinguishing Between the Different Processes by Which the Body Affects Attitudes -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- PART THREE EMBODIMENT AND AFFECT -- 9 Affective Coherence: Affect as Embodied Evidence in Attitude, Advertising, and Art -- Embodied validation of beliefs -- Being Moved -- The cognitive costs of affective invalidation -- Affective Certainty -- Affect-as-Evidence -- Affective Coherence -- Enactment -- Summary -- Affect-Confirmation.
Approach-Avoidance Action and Affect -- Summary -- Implications for embodied cognition -- Do Actions Cause Attitudes? -- Expression and Affect -- Evaluative embodiment in everyday life -- Research -- Embodiment in art -- Perspective in renaissance art -- Affective accounting -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Embodiment of Emotion -- A brief history of the mind and the body in emotion theory -- Cartesian Dualism and the Machine Metaphor -- Emotion Theory: A Brief History -- The Body Influences the Mind in Emotion -- The Mind Influences the Body in Emotion -- Mind and Body Interact in Emotion -- A modern embodiment view of body and mind in emotion -- The conceptual system for emotion -- Hypotheses Regarding the Conceptual System for Emotion -- Core Affect -- Object Representations -- Representations of Context -- Inferences about Behavior -- Emotion Words -- Heterogeneity -- A change in scientific paradigm for the study of emotion -- References -- 11 The Embodied Emotional Mind -- Theories of embodied cognition and emotional processing -- Amodal Accounts -- Embodied Accounts -- Neural basis of embodiment -- Emotion and embodiment -- Emotional perception -- Peripheral Mechanisms -- Central Mechanisms -- Emotion comprehension -- Social functioning -- Typical Individuals -- Individuals with Autism -- Emotional influence -- Learning and expression of value -- Attitude Formation -- Expression of Attitudes -- Flexible Embodiment -- Linguistically represented emotion knowledge -- Emotion Concepts -- Emotional Language -- Summary, open issues, and future directions -- References -- 12 Expression Entails Anticipation: Toward a Self-Regulatory Model of Bodily Feedback Effects -- Facial and bodily feedback effects: summary of research findings -- Explanations for body feedback effects -- Body feedback and processing styles.
Explaining body feedback effects on conceptual scope -- Implications for bodily feedback effects -- Author note -- References -- Index.
Summary: How does our capacity to think, use language, experience emotions, and to relate to one another - depend on our bodies? Exploring these issues from a neuroscientific and psychological view point, the authors lay aside an ancient Western tradition that placed body and mind in opposition.
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Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introducing Embodied Grounding -- PART ONE EMBODIED LANGUAGE AND CONCEPTS -- 1 Grounding Symbolic Operations in the Brain's Modal Systems -- Grounding cognition in the brain's modal systems -- The Capture and Simulation of Modal States in Embodied Architectures -- Additional Assumptions -- The Status of Empirical Evidence for Grounded Knowledge -- The Importance of Going beyond Demonstration Experiments -- An Example -- Symbolic Operations -- Representing Concepts and Instances: Simulators and Simulations -- Implementing the Symbolic Function of Predication in PSS -- Implementing Conceptual Combination in PSS -- Representing Abstract Concepts in PSS -- Empirical evidence for the pss account of symbolic operations -- Predication -- The Property Verification Task -- Evidence from Brain Activation -- Evidence from Property Switching -- Evidence from Matching Property Simulations to Object Regions -- Summary -- Conceptual Combination -- Abstract Concepts -- Evidence from Property Generation -- Evidence from Brain Activation -- Limitations of the Current Evidence -- Symbolic operations arise from interactions between language and simulation -- Author notes -- References -- 2 Toward the Integration of Bodily States, Language, and Action -- Cognition is for action -- What Brains Are For -- Action, Evolution of Cognition, and Meaning -- The Indexical Hypothesis -- Neural exploitation -- The Neuroscience of Language and Action -- Developmental Support for the Language and Action Connection -- Behavioral Support for the Connection between Language and Action -- Language and Perceptual Systems -- Language and Emotional Systems -- Language and Neural Exploitation: Summary -- A cognitive system for action -- Overview -- Forward Models and Motor Control -- Language and Action.

Language Learning -- Mirror System and Word Learning -- Learning Abstract Syntactic Constructions -- Constraints on Emulation -- Affordances -- Learning -- Mechanistic Action Selection -- Tests of the framework -- Changing Spatial Location of Objects -- Changing Effector State -- Changing Emotional State -- Discussion -- Relation to Barsalou and Prinz -- Further Tests of the Proposal -- Mirror System Localization -- Plasticity Induced by Practice -- Movement Disorders and Language -- Application to Education -- References -- 3 Brain Embodiment of Category-Specific Semantic Memory Circuits -- Embodied action-perception networks for storing semantic information: the case of category-specificity -- Some problems with semantic category-specificity -- Cortical embodiment of semantics: the case of action words -- Somatotopic semantic activation: comprehension or post-comprehension inference? -- Theoretical issues: can the motor cortex map aspects of semantics? -- Abstraction from a brain perspective -- Language processes in the brain: distributed, discrete, or both? -- One or more semantic-conceptual binding sites? -- Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 What Thoughts Are Made Of -- Introduction -- Perceptual symbols and their limitations -- The role of natural language statistics -- Summary -- References -- PART TWO EMBODIMENT OF SOCIAL COGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS -- 5 Grounding Social Cognition: Synchronization, Coordination, and Co-Regulation -- Introduction -- The social cognition (sc) model -- The sc model: the evidence -- Synchronization of Action -- Synchronization of Emotion -- Functional Utility of Synchronization -- Goal Mediated Synchronization -- Co-regulation of behavior: entrainment, mimicry, and coordination -- Entrainment -- Mimicry -- Coordination -- Co-regulation of Behavior -- Conclusion -- References.

6 An Embodied Account of Self-Other "Overlap" and Its Effects -- Embodied cues and relational models -- Interpersonal synchrony and self-other overlap -- Interpersonal touch and self-other overlap -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 The Embodiment of Power and Communalism in Space and Bodily Contact -- The mental representation of relational models: cognitive embodiment -- Testing for cognitive embodiment -- Evidence for cognitive embodiment of communal sharing -- Physical Proximity -- Bodily Contact -- Imitation -- Food Sharing -- Evidence for cognitive embodiment of authority ranking -- Size and Height -- Vertical Position -- Conclusions -- Implications of Embodied Relational Models -- Author note -- References -- 8 Embodied Persuasion: Fundamental Processes By Which Bodily Responses Can Impact Attitudes -- Fundamental processes of embodied persuasion -- Bodily Responses Can Serve as Simple Cues -- Basic Associative Processes -- Simple Inferences from Bodily Responses -- Bodily Responses Can Influence the Amount of Thinking -- Body Postures -- Bodily States Indicating Power -- Bodily Responses Can Influence the Direction of Thinking -- Head Movements -- Arm Flexion Versus Extension -- Bodily Responses Can Influence Thought-Confidence -- Head Movements -- Dominant Versus Non-Dominant Hand -- Behavioral Indicators of Power -- Additional High Elaboration Processes for Bodily Responses -- Distinguishing Between the Different Processes by Which the Body Affects Attitudes -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- PART THREE EMBODIMENT AND AFFECT -- 9 Affective Coherence: Affect as Embodied Evidence in Attitude, Advertising, and Art -- Embodied validation of beliefs -- Being Moved -- The cognitive costs of affective invalidation -- Affective Certainty -- Affect-as-Evidence -- Affective Coherence -- Enactment -- Summary -- Affect-Confirmation.

Approach-Avoidance Action and Affect -- Summary -- Implications for embodied cognition -- Do Actions Cause Attitudes? -- Expression and Affect -- Evaluative embodiment in everyday life -- Research -- Embodiment in art -- Perspective in renaissance art -- Affective accounting -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Embodiment of Emotion -- A brief history of the mind and the body in emotion theory -- Cartesian Dualism and the Machine Metaphor -- Emotion Theory: A Brief History -- The Body Influences the Mind in Emotion -- The Mind Influences the Body in Emotion -- Mind and Body Interact in Emotion -- A modern embodiment view of body and mind in emotion -- The conceptual system for emotion -- Hypotheses Regarding the Conceptual System for Emotion -- Core Affect -- Object Representations -- Representations of Context -- Inferences about Behavior -- Emotion Words -- Heterogeneity -- A change in scientific paradigm for the study of emotion -- References -- 11 The Embodied Emotional Mind -- Theories of embodied cognition and emotional processing -- Amodal Accounts -- Embodied Accounts -- Neural basis of embodiment -- Emotion and embodiment -- Emotional perception -- Peripheral Mechanisms -- Central Mechanisms -- Emotion comprehension -- Social functioning -- Typical Individuals -- Individuals with Autism -- Emotional influence -- Learning and expression of value -- Attitude Formation -- Expression of Attitudes -- Flexible Embodiment -- Linguistically represented emotion knowledge -- Emotion Concepts -- Emotional Language -- Summary, open issues, and future directions -- References -- 12 Expression Entails Anticipation: Toward a Self-Regulatory Model of Bodily Feedback Effects -- Facial and bodily feedback effects: summary of research findings -- Explanations for body feedback effects -- Body feedback and processing styles.

Explaining body feedback effects on conceptual scope -- Implications for bodily feedback effects -- Author note -- References -- Index.

How does our capacity to think, use language, experience emotions, and to relate to one another - depend on our bodies? Exploring these issues from a neuroscientific and psychological view point, the authors lay aside an ancient Western tradition that placed body and mind in opposition.

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