Cover Page -- Half title -- fmchapter -- A Geology for Engineers -- copy -- preface -- Contents -- 1. The Earth: Surface, Structure and Age -- Introduction -- The surface of the Earth -- Dimensions and relief -- Ocean-floors -- The interior of the Earth -- Temperature and density -- Earthquakes -- Isostacy -- Continental drift -- Ocean ridges -- Rock magnetism -- Mechanics of drift -- Plate tectonics -- Earth age and origin -- 2. Geological History -- Stratigraphical column -- Breaks in the sequence -- Fold mountain belts -- Precambrian -- Precambrian -- Phanerozoic -- Older Palaeozoic -- Caledonides -- Newer Palaeozoic -- The Hercynian orogeny -- Mesozoic -- Cenozoic -- Alpine orogeny -- Quaternary -- 3. Surface Processes -- Weathering -- Chemical weathering -- Mechanical weathering -- Biological weathering -- Global trends -- Erosion and deposition -- The work of rivers -- The work of the sea -- The work of wind -- The work of ice -- Other mass-transport -- 4. Minerals -- Physical characters -- Crystalline form -- Optical properties -- Atomic structures -- The rock forming minerals -- Silicate minerals -- Olivine group -- Pyroxene group -- Amphibole group -- Mica group -- Feldspar group -- Feldspathoid group -- Forms of silica -- Accessory minerals -- Secondary minerals -- Clay minerals -- Non-silicate minerals -- Native elements -- Sulphides -- Halides -- Oxides and hydroxides -- Carbonates -- Tungstates and phosphates -- Sulphates -- Mineral accumulations -- The concentration of minerals -- The search for minerals -- 5. Igneous Rocks -- Volcanoes and extrusive rocks -- Extrusive rock associations -- Intrusive rocks and rock forms -- Texture and composition -- Classification -- Ultrabasic rocks -- Picrite and peridotite -- Basic rocks -- Gabbro -- Dolerite (diabase) -- Basalt -- Intermediate rocks -- Diorite -- Andesite -- Acid rocks.

Granite -- Granodiorite -- Quartz porphyry and vein rocks -- Acid lavas -- Alkaline rocks -- Syenite -- Trachyte -- Origin of igneous rocks -- Ores of igneous origin -- 6. Sedimentary Rocks -- Composition -- Development -- Texture -- Facies -- Environment of deposition -- Detrital sediments -- Rudaceous deposits -- Conglomerate -- Grit -- Arenaceous deposits -- Sands -- Sandstones -- Argillaceous deposits -- Silts -- Clays -- Shales -- Detrital pyroclastic sediments -- Detrital calcareous sediments -- The limestones -- Chemical and biochemical sediments -- Calcareous deposits -- The limestones (cont.) -- Siliceous deposits -- Saline deposits -- The evaporites -- Carbonaceous deposits -- The coals -- Ferruginous deposits -- The ironstones -- Sediment associations -- Sedimentary mineral deposits -- 7. Metamorphic Rocks -- Crystal shape and fabric -- Classification -- Contact metamorphism -- Pneumatolysis -- Regional metamorphism -- Slate -- Phyllite -- Schist -- Gneiss -- Migmatite -- Granulite -- Dislocation metamorphism -- Metamorphic rock associations -- Economic rocks and minerals -- 8. Geological Structures -- Folds -- Fold geometry -- Plunge -- Fold groups -- Minor structures -- Major fold structures -- Faults -- Brittle fracture -- Faulting -- Fault components -- Effect of faulting on outcrop -- Joints -- Joints in young sediments -- Joints in folded sediments -- Joints in igneous rocks -- Size and spacing of joints -- Geological structures and economic deposits -- 9. Strength of Geological Material -- Influence of geological history -- Burial -- Uplift -- Shallow burial and uplift -- Importance of drainage -- Effective stress -- Behaviour of rock and soil -- Stress and strain -- Cohesion and friction -- Failure -- Influence of fabric -- Influence of water -- Elastic moduli -- Behaviour of surfaces -- Smooth surfaces -- Rough surfaces.

Lessons from failure -- Indicators of failure -- Analyses of failure -- Frequency of failure -- 10. Ground Investigations -- Approach -- Content -- Cost -- Components -- Desk study -- Field reconnaissance -- Field investigations -- Construction records -- Methods -- Bore-hole drilling -- Geological mapping -- Measurement of stress -- Measurement of deformability -- Measurement of shear strength -- Measurement of hydraulic properties -- 11. Laboratory Investigations -- Samples and sampling -- Guidelines -- Laboratory tests -- Tests for composition -- Tests for structure -- Tests for strength -- Tests for hydraulic properties -- Index tests -- Description and classification -- Soil classification -- Rock classification -- 12. Geological Maps -- Frequently used maps -- Solid and drift editions -- Maps of subsurface geology -- Field mapping -- Equipment -- Mapping -- Measurement of dip and strike -- Constructions for dipping strata -- Construction from outcrop -- 3-point construction -- Map interpretation -- Age relationships -- Structural relationships -- Geological sections -- Drawing a section -- Thematic maps -- Maps of resources -- Derived maps -- 13. Ground-water -- Hydrological cycle -- Infiltration -- Percolation -- Capillary fringe and water table -- Ground-water flow -- Character of ground-water -- Chemical characters -- Physical characters -- Aquifers and Aquicludes -- Confinement -- Isotropy and anisotropy -- Hydrogeological boundaries -- Water levels -- Fluctuations in water level -- Ground-water flow -- Transmission -- Storage -- Hydrogeological investigations -- Surface investigations -- Sub-surface investigations -- 14. Slope Stability -- Slope failure -- Progressive failure -- Factor of safety -- Major geological factors -- Types of rock and soil -- Geological structure -- Ground-water -- In-situ stresses -- Seismic disturbances.

Slope history -- Previous conditions -- Weathering -- Erosion -- Examples of failure -- The Vajont slide -- The Turtle Mountain slide -- The Folkestone Warren slides -- Investigations -- 15. Reservoirs and Dams -- Surface reservoirs -- Sedimentation -- Landslides -- Leakage -- Seismicity -- Dams -- Types of dam -- Dam foundations -- Materials for dams -- Six examples -- Embankment dam -- Concrete gravity dam -- Masonry gravity dam -- Buttress dam -- Arch dam -- Composite dam -- Underground reservoirs -- Natural subsurface reservoirs -- Chambers -- 16. Excavations -- Excavations in rock and soil -- Drilling -- Augering -- Machine boring -- Blasting -- Scraping, ripping and digging -- Control of ground-water -- Ground-water flow -- Control of pressure -- Control of flow -- Surface excavations -- Investigations -- Deformation and failure -- Ground-water -- Underground excavations -- Investigations -- Gases -- Stability -- Support -- Effects at ground level -- Disposal of excavated material -- Bulking -- Surface disposal -- 17. Ground Treatment and Support -- Treatment -- Dewatering -- Sediments -- Fractured rock -- Grouting -- Sediments -- Weak rock -- Fractured strong rock -- Investigations -- Consolidation -- Stratigraphic history -- Shallow water sediments -- Sub-aerial sediments -- Sandy sediments -- Thermal treatment -- Freezing -- Frozen sediments -- Frozen rocks -- Volumetric changes -- Investigations -- Heating -- Support -- Rods, bolts and anchors -- Rock bolts and anchors -- Soil anchors -- Arches, rings and linings -- Squeezing ground -- Weak and variable ground -- Retaining walls -- Earth pressures -- Investigations -- 18. Development and Redevelopment -- Water supplies -- Catchments -- Water budgets -- Location of sources -- Spring supplies -- Well supplies -- Adit supplies -- Construction materials -- Types of material.

Volumes of material -- Aggregates -- Bound aggregates -- Unbound aggregates -- Earth fill -- Dimension stone -- Foundations -- Bearing capacity -- Later movements -- Investigations -- Mechanisms of failure -- Special problems -- Waste disposal of land -- Landfill -- Injection -- Nuclear waste -- SI Units -- Addenda - Table of unit weights -- References -- Index.

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