Racialization, Racism, and Anti-Racism in the Nordic Countries -- Racialization, Racism, and Anti-Racism in the Nordic Countries -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Notes on Contributors -- Part I: Debating Racism and Racialization -- Chapter 1: Racialization in the Nordic Countries: An Introduction -- Nordic Racialization -- Global Populism and Inequality -- The Nordic Scene -- Scholarly Responses -- Nordic Exceptionalism, Ethno-Centrism, and Coloniality -- Positions of Engagement -- Overview of Parts and Chapters -- References -- Chapter 2: Racial Turns and Returns: Recalibrations of Racial Exceptionalism in Danish Public Debates on Racism -- Henning Bech and Mehmet Ümit Necef's Are Danes Racist? -- Theoretical Framing: Danish Racial Exceptionalism and Anti-Anti-Racism -- Racial Engagement: Debating Are Danes Racist? -- A Call to Action: Creating Villains and Heroes -- Dislodging the Concept of Racism -- Anti-Racist Bullies: Abusing the Term Racism -- Resurrecting Denmark as a Tolerant Nation -- Recalibrations of Racial Exceptionalism -- References -- Chapter 3: Politics of Fear and Racialized Rape: Intersectional Reading of the Kempele Rape Case -- Chapter 4: News Media Racialization of Muslims: The Case of Nerikes Allehanda's Publishing of the Mohamed Caricature -- Introduction -- Media, Racialization, and Identity Construction -- Racialization Within the Lens of Orientalism and Occidentalism -- Orientalism -- Occidentalism -- Racialization of Muslims in the NA Case -- Muslims as the "Distant Other" -- (De)Racialization of Muslims in the NA Case -- Muslims as the "Close Other" -- Problems of Racialization in a Global Society -- Beyond the Binary: Post Racial-Hybrid Identity and the Global World -- References -- Chapter 5: White Fear: Habitual Whiteness and Racialization of the Threat of Terror in Danish News Journalism.

Whiteness: Methodological and Theoretical Considerations -- Threat as News -- Their Terror, Our Fear -- White Fear as Common Fear -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Part II: Denials of Racism and Racialization -- Chapter 6: Talking Color-Blind: Justifying and Rationalizing Attitudes Toward Interracial Marriages in Sweden -- Introduction -- Theoretical Premises -- The Idea of Race -- The Idea of Color-Blindness -- Color-Blind Talk -- Color-Blind Explanations of Attitudes Toward Interracial Marriages -- The Idea of Individuals and Individual Choice -- The Idea of Cultural Differences -- Minimization of Race -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7: The Vices of Debating Racial Epithets in Danish News Media Discourse -- Emergence and Development of the Debate -- Maintaining the Right to Neutrality -- Denying Experiences of Racialization -- Mediating for Moralization -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: Anti-Racism from the Margins: Welcoming Refugees at Schengen's Northernmost Border -- Introduction -- From Humanitarian Involvement to More Political Human Rights Activism -- Breaking the Law to Do Justice -- Memories from the Margins -- Conclusion: Aftermath -- References -- Part III: Examining Anti-Racism -- Chapter 9: Do Antiracist Efforts and Diversity Programs Make a Difference? Assessing the Case of Norway -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Norwegian Literature on Multiculturalism and Racism -- Theoretical Perspectives -- Case Study 1: The Cartoon Affair -- Case Study 2: The Hijab Debates -- Analysis -- Multicultural Accommodation in Law, Policy, and Public Debate -- Law Proposals -- Media and Public Opinion -- Policy -- Assessing the Impact: What Difference Does Antiracism Make? -- Recent Developments: The Refugee Crisis -- Antiracist Education -- Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 10: The Power of Being Heard: How Claims Against Racism Are Constructed, Spread, and Listened to in a Hybrid Media Environment -- Introduction -- Two Forms of Nordic Exceptionalism: Finland and Sweden -- The Role of Critical Events in Claims-Making Practices and Listening Strategies -- Material and Methods -- Two Cases of "Everyday" Racism: Contesting Testimonies of Racism -- Two Critical Events: Opening Up Spaces for Street Politics but Restricting the Right to Witness -- Concluding Remarks: Critical Events Become the New Loci of Movements-But Only for a While -- Appendix -- A Manually Assembled Description of the Becoming Viral of the Original Post by Alexandra Alexis -- A Manually Assembled Description of the Becoming Viral of the Original Post by James Nikander -- References -- Chapter 11: (Re)Framing Racialization: Djurs Sommerland as a Battleground of (Anti-)Racism -- Racialization and Racism in Djurs Sommerland -- Racism and "Real" Racism -- "Neutral" Reporting -- Political Correctness -- Reframing Elites -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Whiteness and Racialization -- Whiteness or White People? -- The Racialization of Muslims -- References -- Index.

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