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Nuclear Energy : An Introduction to the Concepts, Systems, and Applications of Nuclear Processes.

By: Material type: TextSeries: Publisher: San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology, 1993Copyright date: ©1993Edition: 4th edDescription: 1 online resource (462 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781483287867
Subject(s): Genre/Form: DDC classification:
  • 621.48
Online resources:
Contents:
Front Cover -- Nuclear Energy: An Introduction to the Concepts, Systems, and Applications of Nuclear Processes -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION -- THE AUTHOR -- Part I: BASIC CONCEPTS -- Chapter 1. Energy -- 1.1 Forces and Energy -- 1.2 Thermal Energy -- 1.3 Radiant Energy -- 1.4 Equivalence of Matter and Energy -- 1.5 Energy and the World -- 1.6 Summary -- 1.7 Exercises -- Chapter 2. Atoms and Nuclei -- 2.1 Atomic Theory -- 2.2 Gases -- 2.3 The Atom and Light -- 2.4 Laser Beams -- 2.5 Nuclear Structure -- 2.6 Sizes and Masses of Nuclei -- 2.7 Binding Energy -- 2.8 Summary -- 2.9 Exercises -- Chapter 3. Radioactivity -- 3.1 Radioactive Decay -- 3.2 The Decay Law -- 3.3 Radioactive Chains -- 3.4 Measurement of Half-life -- 3.5 Summary -- 3.6 Exercises -- Chapter 4. Nuclear Processes -- 4.1 Transmutation of Elements -- 4.2 Energy and Momentum Conservation -- 4.3 Reaction Rates -- 4.4 Particle Attenuation -- 4.5 Neutron Cross Sections -- 4.6 Neutron Slowing and Diffusion -- 4.7 Summary -- 4.8 Exercises -- Chapter 5. Radiation and Materials -- 5.1 Excitation and Ionization by Electrons -- 5.2 Heavy Charged Particle Slowing by Atoms -- 5.3 Heavy Charged Particle Scattering by Nuclei -- 5.4 Gamma Ray Interactions with Matter -- 5.5 Neutron Reactions -- 5.6 Summary -- 5.7 Exercises -- Chapter 6. Fission -- 6.1 The Fission Process -- 6.2 Energy Considerations -- 6.3 Byproducts of Fission -- 6.4 Energy from Nuclear Fuels -- 6.5 Summary -- 6.6 Exercises -- Chapter 7. Fusion -- 7.1 Fusion Reactions -- 7.2 Electrostatic and Nuclear Forces -- 7.3 Thermonuclear Reactions in a Plasma -- 7.4 Summary -- 7.5 Exercises -- Part II: NUCLEAR SYSTEMS -- Chapter 8. Particle Accelerators -- 8.1 Electric and Magnetic Forces -- 8.2 High-vol tage Machines -- 8.3 Linear Accelerator -- 8.4 Cyclotron and Betatron -- 8.5 Synchrotron.
8.6 Production of Nuclear Fuels -- 8.7 Summary -- 8.8 Exercises -- Chapter 9. Isotope Separators -- 9.1 Mass Spectrograph -- 9.2 Gaseous Diffusion Separator -- 9.3 Gas Centrifuge -- 9.4 Laser Isotope Separation -- 9.5 Separation of Deuterium -- 9.6 Summary -- 9.7 Exercises -- Chapter 10. Radiation Detectors -- 10.1 Gas Counters -- 10.2 Neutron Detectors -- 10.3 Scintillation Detectors -- 10.4 Solid State Detectors -- 10.5 Statistics of Counting -- 10.6 Pulse Height Analysis -- 10.7 Summary -- 10.8 Exercises -- Chapter 11. Neutron Chain Reactions -- 11.1 Criticahty and Multiplication -- 11.2 Multiplication Factors -- 11.3 Neutron Flux and Reactor Power -- 11.4 Reactor Types -- 11.5 Reactor Operation -- 11.6 The Natural Reactor -- 11.7 Summary -- 11.8 Exercises -- Chapter 12. Neutron Heat Energy -- 12.1 Methods of Heat Transmission -- 12.2 Heat Generation and Removal -- 12.3 Steam Generation and Electrical Power Production -- 12.4 Waste Heat Rejection -- 12.5 Summary -- 12.6 Exercises -- Chapter 13. Breeder Reactors -- 13.1 The Concept of Breeding -- 13.2 Isotope Production and Consumption -- 13.3 The Fast Breeder Reactor -- 13.4 Breeding and Uranium Resources -- 13.5 Summary -- 13.6 Exercises -- Chapter 14. Fusion Reactors -- 14.1 Comparison of Fusion Reactions -- 14.2 Requirements for Practical Fusion Reactors -- 14.3 Magnetic Confinement Machines -- 14.4 Inertial Confinement Machines -- 14.5 Other Fusion Concepts -- 14.6 Prospects for Fusion -- 14.7 Summary -- 14.8 Exercises -- Part III: NUCLEAR ENERGY AND MAN -- Chapter 15. The History of Nuclear Energy -- 15.1 The Rise of Nuclear Physics -- 15.2 The Discovery of Fission -- 15.3 The Development of Nuclear Weapons -- 15.4 Reactor Research and Development -- 15.5 The Nuclear Controversy -- 15.6 Summary -- Chapter 16. Biological Effects of Radiation -- 16.1 Physiological Effects.
16.2 Radiation Dose Units -- 16.3 Basis for Limits of Exposure -- 16.4 Sources of Radiation Dosage -- 16.5 Summary -- 16.6 Exercises -- Chapter 17. Information from Isotopes -- 17.1 Stable and Radioactive Isotopes -- 17.2 Tracer Techniques -- 17.3 Radiopharmaceuticals -- 17.4 Medical Imaging -- 17.5 Radioimmunoassay -- 17.6 Dating -- 17.7 Neutron Activation Analysis -- 17.8 Radiography -- 17.9 Radiation Gages -- 17.10 Summary -- 17.11 Exercises -- Chapter 18. Useful Radiation Effects -- 18.1 Medical Treatment -- 18.2 Radiation Preservation of Food -- 18.3 Sterilization of Medical Supplies -- 18.4 Pathogen Reduction -- 18.5 Crop Mutations -- 18.6 Insect Control -- 18.7 Synthesis of Chemicals -- 18.8 Improvements in Fiber and Wood -- 18.9 Transmutation Doping of Semiconductors -- 18.10 Neutrons in Fundamental Physics -- 18.11 Neutrons in Biological Studies -- 18.12 Summary -- 18.13 Exercises -- Chapter 19. Reactor Safety -- 19.1 Neutron Population Growth -- 19.2 Assurance of Safety -- 19.3 Emergency Core Cooling and Containment -- 19.4 The Three Mile Island Accident -- 19.5 Lessons Learned and Actions Taken -- 19.6 The Chernobyl Accident -- 19.7 The Philosophy of Safety -- 19.8 Summary -- 19.9 Exercises -- Chapter 20. Nuclear Propulsion -- 20.1 Reactors for Naval Propulsion -- 20.2 Space Reactors -- 20.3 Space Isotopic Power -- 20.4 Future Nuclear Space Applications -- 20.5 Summary -- 20.6 Exercises -- Chapter 21. Radiation Protection -- 21.1 Protective Measures -- 21.2 Calculation of Dose -- 21.3 Effects of Distance and Shielding -- 21.4 Internal Exposure -- 21.5 The Radon Problem -- 21.6 Environmental Radiological Assessment -- 21.7 New Radiation Standards -- 21.8 Summary -- 21.9 Exercises -- Chapter 22. Radioactive Waste Disposal -- 22.1 The Nuclear Fuel Cycle -- 22.2 Waste Classification -- 22.3 Spent Fuel Storage -- 22.4 Transportation.
22.5 Reprocessing -- 22.6 High-level Waste Disposal -- 22.7 Low-level Waste Generation and Treatment -- 22.8 Low-level Waste Disposal -- 22.9 Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning -- 22.10 Summary -- 22.11 Exercises -- Chapter 23. Laws, Regulations, and Organizations -- 23.1 The Atomic Energy Acts -- 23.2 The Environmental Protection Agency -- 23.3 The Nuclear Regulatory Commission -- 23.4 The Department of Energy -- 23.5 International Atomic Energy Agency -- 23.6 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations -- 23.7 Other Organizations -- 23.8 Energy Policy Act -- 23.9 Summary -- Chapter 24. Energy Economics -- 24.1 Components of Electrical Power Cost -- 24.2 Forecasts and Reality -- 24.3 Challenges and Opportunitiesý -- 24.4 The Spirit of St. Lucieý -- 24.5 Technical and Institutional Improvements -- 24.6 Advanced Reactors -- 24.7 Summary -- 24.8 Exercises -- Chapter 25. International Nuclear Power -- 25.1 Reactor Distribution -- 25.2 Western Europeý -- 25.3 Eastern Europe and the CIS -- 25.4 The Far East -- 25.5 Other Countries -- 25.6 Summary -- Chapter 26. Nuclear Explosions -- 26.1 Nuclear Power vs. Nuclear Weapons -- 26.2 Nuclear Explosives -- 26.3 The Prevention of Nuclear War -- 26.4 Nonproliferation and Safeguards -- 26.5 IAEA Inspections -- 26.6 Peaceful Applications of Nuclear Explosives -- 26.7 Summary -- 26.8 Exercises -- Chapter 27. The Future -- 27.1 Dimensions -- 27.2 World Energy Use -- 27.3 Perspectives -- 27.4 Research and Development -- 27.5 Summary -- 27.6 Exercises -- Appendix -- Selected References -- Conversion Factors -- Atomic and Nuclear Data -- Answers to Exercises -- Computer Programs -- INDEX.
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Front Cover -- Nuclear Energy: An Introduction to the Concepts, Systems, and Applications of Nuclear Processes -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION -- THE AUTHOR -- Part I: BASIC CONCEPTS -- Chapter 1. Energy -- 1.1 Forces and Energy -- 1.2 Thermal Energy -- 1.3 Radiant Energy -- 1.4 Equivalence of Matter and Energy -- 1.5 Energy and the World -- 1.6 Summary -- 1.7 Exercises -- Chapter 2. Atoms and Nuclei -- 2.1 Atomic Theory -- 2.2 Gases -- 2.3 The Atom and Light -- 2.4 Laser Beams -- 2.5 Nuclear Structure -- 2.6 Sizes and Masses of Nuclei -- 2.7 Binding Energy -- 2.8 Summary -- 2.9 Exercises -- Chapter 3. Radioactivity -- 3.1 Radioactive Decay -- 3.2 The Decay Law -- 3.3 Radioactive Chains -- 3.4 Measurement of Half-life -- 3.5 Summary -- 3.6 Exercises -- Chapter 4. Nuclear Processes -- 4.1 Transmutation of Elements -- 4.2 Energy and Momentum Conservation -- 4.3 Reaction Rates -- 4.4 Particle Attenuation -- 4.5 Neutron Cross Sections -- 4.6 Neutron Slowing and Diffusion -- 4.7 Summary -- 4.8 Exercises -- Chapter 5. Radiation and Materials -- 5.1 Excitation and Ionization by Electrons -- 5.2 Heavy Charged Particle Slowing by Atoms -- 5.3 Heavy Charged Particle Scattering by Nuclei -- 5.4 Gamma Ray Interactions with Matter -- 5.5 Neutron Reactions -- 5.6 Summary -- 5.7 Exercises -- Chapter 6. Fission -- 6.1 The Fission Process -- 6.2 Energy Considerations -- 6.3 Byproducts of Fission -- 6.4 Energy from Nuclear Fuels -- 6.5 Summary -- 6.6 Exercises -- Chapter 7. Fusion -- 7.1 Fusion Reactions -- 7.2 Electrostatic and Nuclear Forces -- 7.3 Thermonuclear Reactions in a Plasma -- 7.4 Summary -- 7.5 Exercises -- Part II: NUCLEAR SYSTEMS -- Chapter 8. Particle Accelerators -- 8.1 Electric and Magnetic Forces -- 8.2 High-vol tage Machines -- 8.3 Linear Accelerator -- 8.4 Cyclotron and Betatron -- 8.5 Synchrotron.

8.6 Production of Nuclear Fuels -- 8.7 Summary -- 8.8 Exercises -- Chapter 9. Isotope Separators -- 9.1 Mass Spectrograph -- 9.2 Gaseous Diffusion Separator -- 9.3 Gas Centrifuge -- 9.4 Laser Isotope Separation -- 9.5 Separation of Deuterium -- 9.6 Summary -- 9.7 Exercises -- Chapter 10. Radiation Detectors -- 10.1 Gas Counters -- 10.2 Neutron Detectors -- 10.3 Scintillation Detectors -- 10.4 Solid State Detectors -- 10.5 Statistics of Counting -- 10.6 Pulse Height Analysis -- 10.7 Summary -- 10.8 Exercises -- Chapter 11. Neutron Chain Reactions -- 11.1 Criticahty and Multiplication -- 11.2 Multiplication Factors -- 11.3 Neutron Flux and Reactor Power -- 11.4 Reactor Types -- 11.5 Reactor Operation -- 11.6 The Natural Reactor -- 11.7 Summary -- 11.8 Exercises -- Chapter 12. Neutron Heat Energy -- 12.1 Methods of Heat Transmission -- 12.2 Heat Generation and Removal -- 12.3 Steam Generation and Electrical Power Production -- 12.4 Waste Heat Rejection -- 12.5 Summary -- 12.6 Exercises -- Chapter 13. Breeder Reactors -- 13.1 The Concept of Breeding -- 13.2 Isotope Production and Consumption -- 13.3 The Fast Breeder Reactor -- 13.4 Breeding and Uranium Resources -- 13.5 Summary -- 13.6 Exercises -- Chapter 14. Fusion Reactors -- 14.1 Comparison of Fusion Reactions -- 14.2 Requirements for Practical Fusion Reactors -- 14.3 Magnetic Confinement Machines -- 14.4 Inertial Confinement Machines -- 14.5 Other Fusion Concepts -- 14.6 Prospects for Fusion -- 14.7 Summary -- 14.8 Exercises -- Part III: NUCLEAR ENERGY AND MAN -- Chapter 15. The History of Nuclear Energy -- 15.1 The Rise of Nuclear Physics -- 15.2 The Discovery of Fission -- 15.3 The Development of Nuclear Weapons -- 15.4 Reactor Research and Development -- 15.5 The Nuclear Controversy -- 15.6 Summary -- Chapter 16. Biological Effects of Radiation -- 16.1 Physiological Effects.

16.2 Radiation Dose Units -- 16.3 Basis for Limits of Exposure -- 16.4 Sources of Radiation Dosage -- 16.5 Summary -- 16.6 Exercises -- Chapter 17. Information from Isotopes -- 17.1 Stable and Radioactive Isotopes -- 17.2 Tracer Techniques -- 17.3 Radiopharmaceuticals -- 17.4 Medical Imaging -- 17.5 Radioimmunoassay -- 17.6 Dating -- 17.7 Neutron Activation Analysis -- 17.8 Radiography -- 17.9 Radiation Gages -- 17.10 Summary -- 17.11 Exercises -- Chapter 18. Useful Radiation Effects -- 18.1 Medical Treatment -- 18.2 Radiation Preservation of Food -- 18.3 Sterilization of Medical Supplies -- 18.4 Pathogen Reduction -- 18.5 Crop Mutations -- 18.6 Insect Control -- 18.7 Synthesis of Chemicals -- 18.8 Improvements in Fiber and Wood -- 18.9 Transmutation Doping of Semiconductors -- 18.10 Neutrons in Fundamental Physics -- 18.11 Neutrons in Biological Studies -- 18.12 Summary -- 18.13 Exercises -- Chapter 19. Reactor Safety -- 19.1 Neutron Population Growth -- 19.2 Assurance of Safety -- 19.3 Emergency Core Cooling and Containment -- 19.4 The Three Mile Island Accident -- 19.5 Lessons Learned and Actions Taken -- 19.6 The Chernobyl Accident -- 19.7 The Philosophy of Safety -- 19.8 Summary -- 19.9 Exercises -- Chapter 20. Nuclear Propulsion -- 20.1 Reactors for Naval Propulsion -- 20.2 Space Reactors -- 20.3 Space Isotopic Power -- 20.4 Future Nuclear Space Applications -- 20.5 Summary -- 20.6 Exercises -- Chapter 21. Radiation Protection -- 21.1 Protective Measures -- 21.2 Calculation of Dose -- 21.3 Effects of Distance and Shielding -- 21.4 Internal Exposure -- 21.5 The Radon Problem -- 21.6 Environmental Radiological Assessment -- 21.7 New Radiation Standards -- 21.8 Summary -- 21.9 Exercises -- Chapter 22. Radioactive Waste Disposal -- 22.1 The Nuclear Fuel Cycle -- 22.2 Waste Classification -- 22.3 Spent Fuel Storage -- 22.4 Transportation.

22.5 Reprocessing -- 22.6 High-level Waste Disposal -- 22.7 Low-level Waste Generation and Treatment -- 22.8 Low-level Waste Disposal -- 22.9 Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning -- 22.10 Summary -- 22.11 Exercises -- Chapter 23. Laws, Regulations, and Organizations -- 23.1 The Atomic Energy Acts -- 23.2 The Environmental Protection Agency -- 23.3 The Nuclear Regulatory Commission -- 23.4 The Department of Energy -- 23.5 International Atomic Energy Agency -- 23.6 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations -- 23.7 Other Organizations -- 23.8 Energy Policy Act -- 23.9 Summary -- Chapter 24. Energy Economics -- 24.1 Components of Electrical Power Cost -- 24.2 Forecasts and Reality -- 24.3 Challenges and Opportunitiesý -- 24.4 The Spirit of St. Lucieý -- 24.5 Technical and Institutional Improvements -- 24.6 Advanced Reactors -- 24.7 Summary -- 24.8 Exercises -- Chapter 25. International Nuclear Power -- 25.1 Reactor Distribution -- 25.2 Western Europeý -- 25.3 Eastern Europe and the CIS -- 25.4 The Far East -- 25.5 Other Countries -- 25.6 Summary -- Chapter 26. Nuclear Explosions -- 26.1 Nuclear Power vs. Nuclear Weapons -- 26.2 Nuclear Explosives -- 26.3 The Prevention of Nuclear War -- 26.4 Nonproliferation and Safeguards -- 26.5 IAEA Inspections -- 26.6 Peaceful Applications of Nuclear Explosives -- 26.7 Summary -- 26.8 Exercises -- Chapter 27. The Future -- 27.1 Dimensions -- 27.2 World Energy Use -- 27.3 Perspectives -- 27.4 Research and Development -- 27.5 Summary -- 27.6 Exercises -- Appendix -- Selected References -- Conversion Factors -- Atomic and Nuclear Data -- Answers to Exercises -- Computer Programs -- INDEX.

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