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An Anthology of Theories and Models of Design : Philosophy, Approaches and Empirical Explorations.

Av: Medverkande: Materialtyp: TextUtgivningsuppgift: London : Springer London, Limited, 2014Datum för upphovsrätt: ©2014Utgåva: 1st edBeskrivning: 1 online resource (454 pages)Innehållstyp:
  • text
Medietyp:
  • computer
Bärartyp:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781447163381
Ämnen: Genre/form: DDK-klassifikation:
  • 620.0042
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Theories and Models of Design: A Summary of Findings -- 1.1…Introduction -- 1.1.1 Contributions -- 1.1.2 Questions Addressed -- 1.1.3 Workshop -- 1.2…Theoretical Developments -- 1.2.1 Phases of Development -- 1.2.2 Differences -- 1.2.3 Theory and Practice -- 1.2.4 Competing and Complementing Theories and Models -- 1.3…Definitions of Design Theories and Models -- 1.3.1 Introduction -- 1.3.2 Theory -- 1.3.3 Models -- 1.3.3.1 Models in Design -- 1.3.3.2 Models of Design -- 1.3.4 Theory or Model -- 1.3.5 Ontologies -- 1.4…Purpose of Theories and Models -- 1.4.1 Demarcating Purpose -- 1.4.2 Descriptive and Prescriptive Purposes -- 1.4.2.1 Theories -- 1.4.2.2 Models -- 1.5…Criteria to Satisfy to be Considered a Design Theory or Model -- 1.6…How Should a Theory or Model be Evaluated or Validated? -- 1.7…Future Work -- 1.7.1 Coverage -- 1.7.2 Concepts -- 1.7.3 Multiplicity -- 1.7.4 Validation -- 1.7.5 Impact -- 1.7.6 Presentation -- 1.8…Conclusions -- A.1. Appendix A: Summary of Discussions from the International Workshop on Models and Theories of Design -- A.2. Appendix B: Major Theories and Models not Contained in this Book -- A.3. Appendix C: Overview of Theories, Models and Key Concepts Proposed by the Authors -- References -- 2 Design Theories, Models and Their Testing: On the Scientific Status of Design Research -- 2.1…Introduction -- 2.2…Scientific Theory and Design Theories -- 2.3…Scientific Models and Models of Design -- 2.4…Testing Design Theories and Models by Validation -- 2.5…Testing by (Naïve) Falsification: Towards Effectiveness -- 2.6…Testing by Sophisticated Falsification: Towards Comparison -- 2.7…Conclusions -- References -- 3 A Structure for Design Theory -- 3.1…Introduction: The Science-Practice Dichotomy -- 3.2… A Structure for Design Theory -- 3.2.1 Why Focus on the Structure of Theory.
3.2.2 Structure of Scientific Theory -- 3.2.3 The Perception--Action Perspective -- 3.2.4 A Structure for Design Theory -- 3.3…Example: C-K Theory Formulated in the Two-Dimensional Structure -- 3.3.1 The Event-Relationship Dimension -- 3.3.2 Perception--Action Dimension -- 3.4…Implications of the Structure for Design Theory -- 3.5…Critique of the Design Theory Structure -- 3.5.1 Integrity of Perception--Action Dimension -- 3.5.2 Defining a Boundary for the Perception--Action Dimension -- 3.5.3 The Tension Between Generality and Specificity -- 3.6…Summary -- References -- 4 Motive of Design: Roles of Pre- and Post-design in Highly Advanced Products -- 4.1…Introduction -- 4.2…Pre-design, Design, and Post-design -- 4.2.1 Categories of the Pre-design Stage -- 4.2.2 Categories of the Post-design Stage -- 4.2.3 Categories of the Design Stage -- 4.3…Outer Motive and Inner Motive -- 4.4…Personal Inner Sense -- 4.5…Latent Function -- 4.6…Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 5 What the Design Theory of Social-Cyber-Physical Systems Must Describe, Explain and Predict? -- 5.1…On the Changing Role of Information in Engineered Systems -- 5.2…Illuminating the Road to Cyber-Physical Systems -- 5.3…Main Features of Cyber-Physical Systems -- 5.4…Towards Social-Cyber-Physical Systems -- 5.5…The Need for a Design Theory for Social-Cyber-Physical Systems -- 5.6…What the Design Theory of Social-Cyber-Physical Systems Should Describe, Explain and Predict? -- 5.6.1 Aggregative Complexity -- 5.6.2 Emergent Attributes/Behaviour -- 5.6.3 Compositional Synergy -- 5.6.4 Multi-Abstraction-Based Specification -- 5.6.5 Dynamic Scalability -- 5.6.6 Multi-Modal Prototyping -- 5.6.7 Verification and Validation -- 5.7…Conclusions -- References -- 6 Models of Design -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…Design -- 6.3…Design Process -- 6.4…Product Design -- 6.5…Model.
6.6…Quality of a Model -- 6.7…Requirements -- 6.8…Process of Modeling -- 6.9…Models of Design -- 7 Perceiving Design as Modelling: A Cybernetic Systems Perspective -- 7.1…Introduction -- 7.2…Aspects of Modelling in Design -- 7.2.1 Applications of Models in Designing -- 7.2.2 Goals and Objectives of Modelling -- 7.2.3 Modelling as Communication and to Progress the Design -- 7.2.4 Perspectives on Process Models in Design Research -- 7.3…Philosophical Perspectives on Models in Design -- 7.3.1 Explanatory, Predictive and Synthetic Models in Design -- 7.4…Effectiveness of a Model -- 7.5…Cybernetic Perspective for a Model-Centric View of Designing -- 7.5.1 Understanding Models and Modelling in the Cybernetic Sense -- 7.5.2 Cybernetic Systems and Learning -- 7.5.3 Implications for Modelling in Design -- 7.6…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 The Contact and Channel Approach (C&amp -- C2-A): Relating a System's Physical Structure to Its Functionality -- 8.1…Introduction -- 8.2…Analysis and Synthesis in Engineering Design -- 8.3…Functions in Design Research and Practice -- 8.3.1 Modelling Functions in Relation to a Product's Physical Structure -- 8.3.2 Implications on Function-Based Design Methodologies -- 8.4…Modelling a Product's Physical Structure in Relation to its Functions: An Integrated Approach -- 8.4.1 Motivation, Scope and Field of Application -- 8.4.2 Modelling Elements and Their Relationships -- 8.4.3 Guidelines for Application in Design Practice -- 8.5…Recent Studies and Results -- 8.5.1 Empirical Research and Case Studies: Evaluation in Design Practice -- 8.5.2 Strengths and Limitations of the Contact and Channel Approach -- 8.6…Summary and Outlook -- References -- 9 Domain Theory, Its Models and Concepts -- 9.1…Introduction -- 9.2…The Theory's Background -- 9.2.1 The Activity Domain: How the Product Is Used.
9.2.2 The Organ Domain: How the Product Functions -- 9.2.3 The Part Domain: How the Product is Build Up -- 9.2.4 Product Synthesis -- 9.3…The Link Model -- 9.4…The Role of State Changes -- 9.4.1 Function and Property Reasoning -- 9.4.2 Product Modelling Based Upon the Domain Theory -- 9.4.3 Validity of Theory, Models and Methods -- 9.4.4 Summing Up -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Engineering Design: Role of Theory, Models, and Methods -- 10.1…Introduction -- 10.2…Basic Considerations -- 10.3…Outline of Technical Systems -- 10.4…Outline of Engineering Design Methodology -- 10.5…Problem Solving -- 10.6…Clarification and Verification -- 10.7…Closure -- References -- 11 10 Years of C--K Theory: A Survey on the Academic and Industrial Impacts of a Design Theory -- 11.1…Introduction: Bibliometrics on C--K Theory -- 11.2…C--K Theory and Engineering Design Theories: Revitalising a Lineage of Theories -- 11.3…C--K Theory and Foundational Aspects of Logic: Unveiling Design Reasoning -- 11.4…C--K Theory and Other Disciplines: Design as a Form of Creative Rationality -- 11.4.1 Design Theory in Management Studies -- 11.4.2 Links Between Cognition and Design Theory -- 11.4.3 Expanding to Ecology -- 11.4.4 Interactions with Other Fields -- 11.5…Industrial Applications and Education: Increasing Needs for Stimulating and Teaching Innovative Design -- 11.6…Discussion: Features of a Design Theory -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Designing the Inventive Way in the Innovation Era -- 12.1…Introduction: From the Age of Quality to the Age of Innovation -- 12.2…How TRIZ Can Contribute to Design Theories -- 12.3…Focusing on the Central Notion of IDM: Contradiction -- 12.3.1 First Definition of the Tp Contradiction -- 12.4…Idm Framework on Complex Studies: The Case of Enamelling of Steels -- 12.4.1 Methodology and Planning for Operating IDM Process.
12.4.2 Manipulating the Problem Graph to Extract Useful Information -- 12.4.3 Identification of the Parameters -- 12.4.4 System Analysis -- 12.4.5 Focus on Multi-screen -- 12.4.6 Focus on Evolution laws -- 12.4.7 Contradiction Synthesis and Analysis -- 12.4.8 Suggested Contradictions: Bubble Graph -- 12.4.9 Resolution of the Contradictions -- 12.4.10 A Valuable Deliverable Obtained Out of the Process: The Solution Concepts -- 12.4.11 Estimating the Impact of Solution Concepts -- 12.4.12 Evaluation Results Analysis -- 12.5…Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- 13 The Function-Behaviour-Structure Ontology of Design -- 13.1…Introduction -- 13.2…The Function-Behaviour-Structure Framework -- 13.3…The Situated Function-Behaviour-Structure Framework -- 13.3.1 Formulation -- 13.3.2 Synthesis -- 13.3.3 Analysis -- 13.3.4 Evaluation -- 13.3.5 Documentation -- 13.3.6 Reformulation Type 1 -- 13.3.7 Reformulation Type 2 -- 13.3.8 Reformulation Type 3 -- 13.4…Empirical Studies -- 13.4.1 Comparing Different Disciplines Designing -- 13.4.2 Comparing High School and University Students Designing -- 13.4.3 Comparing Effects of Using Different Design Techniques -- 13.4.4 Who is Doing What in a Design Team? -- 13.5…Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 The Aristotelian Proto-Theory of Design -- 14.1…Introduction -- 14.2…Origin of Design Theorising -- 14.2.1 Aristotle as Design Theorist -- 14.2.2 Analysing a Geometrical Construction -- 14.2.3 Comparison of Deliberation by Aristotle with the Method of Analysis by Pappus -- 14.2.4 Implications from the Viewpoint of Design -- 14.2.5 Wider Questions Arising -- 14.3…The Current Significance of the Proto-Theory of Design -- 14.3.1 What is the Method of Analysis, Understood as the Proto-Theory of Design? -- 14.3.2 How Does the Proto-Theory Compare to the Current Theoretical Landscape on Design?.
14.3.3 Use of the Proto-Theory for Clarification of a Current Approach to Design.
Sammanfattning: This book gathers significant theories in engineering design: axiomatic design theory, domain theory and theory of technical systems; current models of design; research on processes, creativity and human behavior and philosophical foundations of design.
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Theories and Models of Design: A Summary of Findings -- 1.1…Introduction -- 1.1.1 Contributions -- 1.1.2 Questions Addressed -- 1.1.3 Workshop -- 1.2…Theoretical Developments -- 1.2.1 Phases of Development -- 1.2.2 Differences -- 1.2.3 Theory and Practice -- 1.2.4 Competing and Complementing Theories and Models -- 1.3…Definitions of Design Theories and Models -- 1.3.1 Introduction -- 1.3.2 Theory -- 1.3.3 Models -- 1.3.3.1 Models in Design -- 1.3.3.2 Models of Design -- 1.3.4 Theory or Model -- 1.3.5 Ontologies -- 1.4…Purpose of Theories and Models -- 1.4.1 Demarcating Purpose -- 1.4.2 Descriptive and Prescriptive Purposes -- 1.4.2.1 Theories -- 1.4.2.2 Models -- 1.5…Criteria to Satisfy to be Considered a Design Theory or Model -- 1.6…How Should a Theory or Model be Evaluated or Validated? -- 1.7…Future Work -- 1.7.1 Coverage -- 1.7.2 Concepts -- 1.7.3 Multiplicity -- 1.7.4 Validation -- 1.7.5 Impact -- 1.7.6 Presentation -- 1.8…Conclusions -- A.1. Appendix A: Summary of Discussions from the International Workshop on Models and Theories of Design -- A.2. Appendix B: Major Theories and Models not Contained in this Book -- A.3. Appendix C: Overview of Theories, Models and Key Concepts Proposed by the Authors -- References -- 2 Design Theories, Models and Their Testing: On the Scientific Status of Design Research -- 2.1…Introduction -- 2.2…Scientific Theory and Design Theories -- 2.3…Scientific Models and Models of Design -- 2.4…Testing Design Theories and Models by Validation -- 2.5…Testing by (Naïve) Falsification: Towards Effectiveness -- 2.6…Testing by Sophisticated Falsification: Towards Comparison -- 2.7…Conclusions -- References -- 3 A Structure for Design Theory -- 3.1…Introduction: The Science-Practice Dichotomy -- 3.2… A Structure for Design Theory -- 3.2.1 Why Focus on the Structure of Theory.

3.2.2 Structure of Scientific Theory -- 3.2.3 The Perception--Action Perspective -- 3.2.4 A Structure for Design Theory -- 3.3…Example: C-K Theory Formulated in the Two-Dimensional Structure -- 3.3.1 The Event-Relationship Dimension -- 3.3.2 Perception--Action Dimension -- 3.4…Implications of the Structure for Design Theory -- 3.5…Critique of the Design Theory Structure -- 3.5.1 Integrity of Perception--Action Dimension -- 3.5.2 Defining a Boundary for the Perception--Action Dimension -- 3.5.3 The Tension Between Generality and Specificity -- 3.6…Summary -- References -- 4 Motive of Design: Roles of Pre- and Post-design in Highly Advanced Products -- 4.1…Introduction -- 4.2…Pre-design, Design, and Post-design -- 4.2.1 Categories of the Pre-design Stage -- 4.2.2 Categories of the Post-design Stage -- 4.2.3 Categories of the Design Stage -- 4.3…Outer Motive and Inner Motive -- 4.4…Personal Inner Sense -- 4.5…Latent Function -- 4.6…Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 5 What the Design Theory of Social-Cyber-Physical Systems Must Describe, Explain and Predict? -- 5.1…On the Changing Role of Information in Engineered Systems -- 5.2…Illuminating the Road to Cyber-Physical Systems -- 5.3…Main Features of Cyber-Physical Systems -- 5.4…Towards Social-Cyber-Physical Systems -- 5.5…The Need for a Design Theory for Social-Cyber-Physical Systems -- 5.6…What the Design Theory of Social-Cyber-Physical Systems Should Describe, Explain and Predict? -- 5.6.1 Aggregative Complexity -- 5.6.2 Emergent Attributes/Behaviour -- 5.6.3 Compositional Synergy -- 5.6.4 Multi-Abstraction-Based Specification -- 5.6.5 Dynamic Scalability -- 5.6.6 Multi-Modal Prototyping -- 5.6.7 Verification and Validation -- 5.7…Conclusions -- References -- 6 Models of Design -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…Design -- 6.3…Design Process -- 6.4…Product Design -- 6.5…Model.

6.6…Quality of a Model -- 6.7…Requirements -- 6.8…Process of Modeling -- 6.9…Models of Design -- 7 Perceiving Design as Modelling: A Cybernetic Systems Perspective -- 7.1…Introduction -- 7.2…Aspects of Modelling in Design -- 7.2.1 Applications of Models in Designing -- 7.2.2 Goals and Objectives of Modelling -- 7.2.3 Modelling as Communication and to Progress the Design -- 7.2.4 Perspectives on Process Models in Design Research -- 7.3…Philosophical Perspectives on Models in Design -- 7.3.1 Explanatory, Predictive and Synthetic Models in Design -- 7.4…Effectiveness of a Model -- 7.5…Cybernetic Perspective for a Model-Centric View of Designing -- 7.5.1 Understanding Models and Modelling in the Cybernetic Sense -- 7.5.2 Cybernetic Systems and Learning -- 7.5.3 Implications for Modelling in Design -- 7.6…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 The Contact and Channel Approach (C&amp -- C2-A): Relating a System's Physical Structure to Its Functionality -- 8.1…Introduction -- 8.2…Analysis and Synthesis in Engineering Design -- 8.3…Functions in Design Research and Practice -- 8.3.1 Modelling Functions in Relation to a Product's Physical Structure -- 8.3.2 Implications on Function-Based Design Methodologies -- 8.4…Modelling a Product's Physical Structure in Relation to its Functions: An Integrated Approach -- 8.4.1 Motivation, Scope and Field of Application -- 8.4.2 Modelling Elements and Their Relationships -- 8.4.3 Guidelines for Application in Design Practice -- 8.5…Recent Studies and Results -- 8.5.1 Empirical Research and Case Studies: Evaluation in Design Practice -- 8.5.2 Strengths and Limitations of the Contact and Channel Approach -- 8.6…Summary and Outlook -- References -- 9 Domain Theory, Its Models and Concepts -- 9.1…Introduction -- 9.2…The Theory's Background -- 9.2.1 The Activity Domain: How the Product Is Used.

9.2.2 The Organ Domain: How the Product Functions -- 9.2.3 The Part Domain: How the Product is Build Up -- 9.2.4 Product Synthesis -- 9.3…The Link Model -- 9.4…The Role of State Changes -- 9.4.1 Function and Property Reasoning -- 9.4.2 Product Modelling Based Upon the Domain Theory -- 9.4.3 Validity of Theory, Models and Methods -- 9.4.4 Summing Up -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Engineering Design: Role of Theory, Models, and Methods -- 10.1…Introduction -- 10.2…Basic Considerations -- 10.3…Outline of Technical Systems -- 10.4…Outline of Engineering Design Methodology -- 10.5…Problem Solving -- 10.6…Clarification and Verification -- 10.7…Closure -- References -- 11 10 Years of C--K Theory: A Survey on the Academic and Industrial Impacts of a Design Theory -- 11.1…Introduction: Bibliometrics on C--K Theory -- 11.2…C--K Theory and Engineering Design Theories: Revitalising a Lineage of Theories -- 11.3…C--K Theory and Foundational Aspects of Logic: Unveiling Design Reasoning -- 11.4…C--K Theory and Other Disciplines: Design as a Form of Creative Rationality -- 11.4.1 Design Theory in Management Studies -- 11.4.2 Links Between Cognition and Design Theory -- 11.4.3 Expanding to Ecology -- 11.4.4 Interactions with Other Fields -- 11.5…Industrial Applications and Education: Increasing Needs for Stimulating and Teaching Innovative Design -- 11.6…Discussion: Features of a Design Theory -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Designing the Inventive Way in the Innovation Era -- 12.1…Introduction: From the Age of Quality to the Age of Innovation -- 12.2…How TRIZ Can Contribute to Design Theories -- 12.3…Focusing on the Central Notion of IDM: Contradiction -- 12.3.1 First Definition of the Tp Contradiction -- 12.4…Idm Framework on Complex Studies: The Case of Enamelling of Steels -- 12.4.1 Methodology and Planning for Operating IDM Process.

12.4.2 Manipulating the Problem Graph to Extract Useful Information -- 12.4.3 Identification of the Parameters -- 12.4.4 System Analysis -- 12.4.5 Focus on Multi-screen -- 12.4.6 Focus on Evolution laws -- 12.4.7 Contradiction Synthesis and Analysis -- 12.4.8 Suggested Contradictions: Bubble Graph -- 12.4.9 Resolution of the Contradictions -- 12.4.10 A Valuable Deliverable Obtained Out of the Process: The Solution Concepts -- 12.4.11 Estimating the Impact of Solution Concepts -- 12.4.12 Evaluation Results Analysis -- 12.5…Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- 13 The Function-Behaviour-Structure Ontology of Design -- 13.1…Introduction -- 13.2…The Function-Behaviour-Structure Framework -- 13.3…The Situated Function-Behaviour-Structure Framework -- 13.3.1 Formulation -- 13.3.2 Synthesis -- 13.3.3 Analysis -- 13.3.4 Evaluation -- 13.3.5 Documentation -- 13.3.6 Reformulation Type 1 -- 13.3.7 Reformulation Type 2 -- 13.3.8 Reformulation Type 3 -- 13.4…Empirical Studies -- 13.4.1 Comparing Different Disciplines Designing -- 13.4.2 Comparing High School and University Students Designing -- 13.4.3 Comparing Effects of Using Different Design Techniques -- 13.4.4 Who is Doing What in a Design Team? -- 13.5…Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 The Aristotelian Proto-Theory of Design -- 14.1…Introduction -- 14.2…Origin of Design Theorising -- 14.2.1 Aristotle as Design Theorist -- 14.2.2 Analysing a Geometrical Construction -- 14.2.3 Comparison of Deliberation by Aristotle with the Method of Analysis by Pappus -- 14.2.4 Implications from the Viewpoint of Design -- 14.2.5 Wider Questions Arising -- 14.3…The Current Significance of the Proto-Theory of Design -- 14.3.1 What is the Method of Analysis, Understood as the Proto-Theory of Design? -- 14.3.2 How Does the Proto-Theory Compare to the Current Theoretical Landscape on Design?.

14.3.3 Use of the Proto-Theory for Clarification of a Current Approach to Design.

This book gathers significant theories in engineering design: axiomatic design theory, domain theory and theory of technical systems; current models of design; research on processes, creativity and human behavior and philosophical foundations of design.

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