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Handbook of the Economics of International Migration.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextSeries: Publisher: San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2014Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (1702 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9780444633880
Subject(s): Genre/Form: DDC classification:
  • 304.820151
Online resources:
Contents:
e9780444633880_volA -- Front Cover -- Volume 1A The Immigrants -- Introduction to The Series -- Copyright -- Contents -- Dedication -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Introduction -- In memoriam: Paul W. Miller (1955-2013)* -- Part I: The Determinants of International Migration -- Chapter 1: Migration Theory* -- 1. Overview -- 2. From Adam Smith to the New Millennium -- 2.1. Pre-1960 literature -- 2.2. Forming the core of migration theory: migration as human capital investment -- 2.3. Early extensions of the Sjaastad model -- 2.3.1. The migrant as a consumer -- 2.3.2. The influence of kinship and migrant networks -- 2.3.3. Migration decisions in a life-cycle context -- 2.3.4. The effects of uncertainty on migration -- 2.3.5. What happens when the family is the decision-making unit? -- 2.3.6. Migration as a response to relative deprivation -- 2.3.7. The influence of age on the migration decision -- 3. Recent Theoretical Analyses of Why People Migrate -- 3.1. A static human capital model with endogenous migration -- 3.1.1. Adding migration costs -- 3.1.2. Incorporating immigration policy -- 3.1.3. Incorporating self-selection -- 3.1.4. Blending self-selection and migration costs -- 3.1.5. Accounting for income inequality -- 3.1.6. Introducing credit and poverty constraints -- 3.1.7. Accounting for unemployment -- 3.1.8. Incorporating taxes and social insurance -- 3.1.9. Accounting for political institutions -- 3.2. A static human capital model with endogenous migration and endogenous wages -- 3.2.1. Accounting for network effects -- 3.2.2. Distinguishing between individual and household migration decisions -- 3.2.3. The relationship between trade and migration -- 3.3. Dynamic models with endogenous migration and physical capital accumulation -- 3.3.1. Immigration policy in a dynamic framework -- 3.3.2. Accounting for remittance behavior.
3.3.3. Dynamic models with human capital accumulation -- 3.3.4. Accounting for temporary, return, and circular migration -- 3.3.5. Dynamic models with human capital accumulation, circular migration, and brain drain -- 4. Conclusions and Implications for Further Research -- References -- Chapter 2: Two Centuries of International Migration -- 1. Migration and Globalization to 1950 -- 1.1. Evolving migration systems -- 1.2. The rise of mass migration from Europe -- 1.3. Immigrant selection and assimilation in the New World -- 1.4. The effects of migration at home and abroad -- 1.5. Migration in Asia -- 1.6. The policy backlash and de-globalization -- 2. International Migration Since 1950 -- 2.1. Long-run trends -- 2.2. What drove postwar migration? -- 2.3. Immigrant selection and assimilation in the developed world -- 2.4. Immigrant selection and the brain drain -- 2.5. The labor market effects of immigration -- 2.6. Trends in immigration policy -- 2.7. Public attitudes and immigration policy -- 3. International Migration and Policy in the Future -- 3.1. How many migrants? -- 3.2. Can policy rise to the challenge? -- References -- Cameo 1: World Migration in Historical Perspective: Four Big Issues -- 1. Emigration Life Cycles, Industrial Revolutions, and Demographic Transitions -- 2. Brain Drain, Brain Gain, Skill Premia, and Endogenous Schooling Responses -- 3. Migration, Remittances, Financial Development, and Convergence -- 4. Migration Timing, the Ten Percent Rule, and Political Backlash -- References -- Part II: The Adjustment of Immigrants -- Chapter 3: The Adjustment of Immigrants in the Labor Market -- 1. Immigrant Labor Market Outcomes-Theoretical and Methodological Considerations -- 1.1. International skill transferability and investment in host-country-specific skills -- 1.2. An occupational mobility model.
1.3. Testing the IAM's predictions about immigrant earnings and cross-sectional bias -- 1.4. A decline in immigrant entry earnings -- 1.5. Expanding on Chiswick's Theoretical Model and Borjas's discovery of an unexplained decline in immigrant entry earnings -- 1.5.1. Theoretical extensions of Chiswick's IAM -- 1.5.2. Empirical extensions -- 1.6. Methodological points -- 1.6.1. Other issues with following cohorts -- 1.6.2. Excluding zero earners and the self-employed -- 2. Individual Attributes and Motives for Migrating -- 2.1. Level of schooling -- 2.1.1. Skill transferability and where immigrants receive their schooling -- 2.1.2. How skill transferability interacts with level of schooling -- 2.1.3. Controlling for education in immigrant adjustment models -- 2.2. Ability -- 2.3. Constraints -- 2.4. The importance of being permanent -- 2.5. Country of origin -- 2.6. Admission status -- 2.6.1. Admission on the basis of kinship versus skills -- 2.6.2. Kinship admissions and other types of labor market adjustment -- 2.6.3. Refugees -- 2.6.4. The undocumented -- 3. Beyond the Individual-Economic and Social Contexts Affecting Labor Market Outcomes -- 3.1. The structure of the labor market -- 3.2. Enclaves -- 3.3. The permanence of the community -- 3.4. The state of the labor market -- 3.4.1. Other effects of the state of the labor market on immigrant adjustment -- 3.5. Structural changes over time in the host economy -- 4. Labor Market Outcomes for Immigrant Women -- 4.1. The Family Investment Hypothesis: theoretical underpinnings -- 4.2. The Family Investment Hypothesis: empirical support -- 4.3. Ramifications of immigrant women joining the labor market -- 4.4. Family-based models of immigrant labor market adjustment and fertility -- 4.5. Following cohorts: another look at the Family Investment Hypothesis.
4.6. Two mysteries about testing for the Family Investment Hypothesis -- 5. Immigrant Economic Adjustment: Evidence from Countries Other than the United States -- 5.1. Country of origin, structural changes, and declines in immigrant initial earnings -- 5.2. Evidence of convergence -- 5.3. The importance of being permanent -- 5.4. The flexibility of a country's labor market and society -- 6. Summary and Directions for Further Research -- 6.1. The Occupational Mobility Model -- 6.2. The Immigrant Human Capital Investment Model -- 6.3. Empirical offspring of the IAM -- 6.4. Immigrant ability and the relative flexibility of societies -- 6.5. Skill acquisition -- 6.6. Beyond the individual -- 6.7. Immigrant women -- 6.8. Permanence -- 6.9. A concluding caveat -- References -- Chapter 4: The Human Capital (Schooling) of Immigrants in America -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Schooling of Migrants and the Native-Born -- 3. The Changing Education Gap of Immigrants -- 4. The Educational Diversity of Migrants -- 5. Foreign Students at American Schools -- 6. Immigrant Education and Generational Assimilation -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: International Migration and the Economics of Language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research Issues and Methodology -- 3. Choice of Destination -- 3.1. Choice of initial destination country -- 3.2. Location choice within a country -- 4. Determinants of Language Proficiency -- 4.1. Exposure -- 4.2. Efficiency -- 4.3. Economic incentives -- 5. Effects of Language on Earnings -- 5.1. Background considerations -- 5.2. Around the globe: different countries, different languages, similar results -- 5.2.1. Australia -- 5.2.2. Canada -- 5.2.3. Germany -- 5.2.4. Israel -- 5.2.5. Spain -- 5.2.6. United Kingdom -- 5.2.7. United States -- 5.3. An overview of the effects of dominant language proficiency on earnings.
5.4. Ethnic enclaves effects on earnings -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Immigrants and Immigrant Health -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Determinants of the HIE -- 2.1. Selective immigration -- 2.2. Health care access -- 2.3. Income assimilation -- 2.4. Acculturation -- 2.5. Recent empirical evidence of weight assimilation -- 3. The National Health Interview Survey -- 4. Measuring Immigrant Health and Assimilation -- 5. Analyzing Cohort and Assimilation Effects -- 6. The Healthy Immigrant Effect -- 6.1. Weight patterns by nativity -- 6.2. Immigrant assimilation and cohort differentials -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Immigrants and Demography: Marriage, Divorce, and Fertility -- 1. Motivation: Why Study Immigrant Marriage and Fertility? -- 2. Methodological Challenges to the Study of Immigrant Marriage and Fertility -- 2.1. Immigrant selection and individual heterogeneity -- 2.2. Data limitations to measuring family formation -- 3. Marriage and Divorce Among Immigrants -- 3.1. Microeconomic models of marriage formation -- 3.2. The determinants of intermarriage -- 3.3. Intermarriage as assimilation -- 3.4. Assortative matching in education and language -- 3.5. The timing of family formation -- 3.6. Cohabitation -- 3.7. Stability of marriage -- 3.8. Family reunification policies and their impact on marriage formation -- 4. Fertility -- 4.1. Microeconomic models of fertility -- 4.2. Immigrant differential fertility: mechanisms -- 4.2.1. Selection -- 4.2.2. Disruption -- 4.2.3. Adaptation -- 4.3. Duration in destination and age at arrival -- 4.3.1. Age at arrival, language proficiency, and critical period hypothesis -- 4.4. The role of culture: heterogeneity across source countries and adaptation -- 4.5. Son preference -- 4.6. The fertility of the second generation -- 5. Conclusion -- References.
Cameo 2: Immigrants and Religion.
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e9780444633880_volA -- Front Cover -- Volume 1A The Immigrants -- Introduction to The Series -- Copyright -- Contents -- Dedication -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Introduction -- In memoriam: Paul W. Miller (1955-2013)* -- Part I: The Determinants of International Migration -- Chapter 1: Migration Theory* -- 1. Overview -- 2. From Adam Smith to the New Millennium -- 2.1. Pre-1960 literature -- 2.2. Forming the core of migration theory: migration as human capital investment -- 2.3. Early extensions of the Sjaastad model -- 2.3.1. The migrant as a consumer -- 2.3.2. The influence of kinship and migrant networks -- 2.3.3. Migration decisions in a life-cycle context -- 2.3.4. The effects of uncertainty on migration -- 2.3.5. What happens when the family is the decision-making unit? -- 2.3.6. Migration as a response to relative deprivation -- 2.3.7. The influence of age on the migration decision -- 3. Recent Theoretical Analyses of Why People Migrate -- 3.1. A static human capital model with endogenous migration -- 3.1.1. Adding migration costs -- 3.1.2. Incorporating immigration policy -- 3.1.3. Incorporating self-selection -- 3.1.4. Blending self-selection and migration costs -- 3.1.5. Accounting for income inequality -- 3.1.6. Introducing credit and poverty constraints -- 3.1.7. Accounting for unemployment -- 3.1.8. Incorporating taxes and social insurance -- 3.1.9. Accounting for political institutions -- 3.2. A static human capital model with endogenous migration and endogenous wages -- 3.2.1. Accounting for network effects -- 3.2.2. Distinguishing between individual and household migration decisions -- 3.2.3. The relationship between trade and migration -- 3.3. Dynamic models with endogenous migration and physical capital accumulation -- 3.3.1. Immigration policy in a dynamic framework -- 3.3.2. Accounting for remittance behavior.

3.3.3. Dynamic models with human capital accumulation -- 3.3.4. Accounting for temporary, return, and circular migration -- 3.3.5. Dynamic models with human capital accumulation, circular migration, and brain drain -- 4. Conclusions and Implications for Further Research -- References -- Chapter 2: Two Centuries of International Migration -- 1. Migration and Globalization to 1950 -- 1.1. Evolving migration systems -- 1.2. The rise of mass migration from Europe -- 1.3. Immigrant selection and assimilation in the New World -- 1.4. The effects of migration at home and abroad -- 1.5. Migration in Asia -- 1.6. The policy backlash and de-globalization -- 2. International Migration Since 1950 -- 2.1. Long-run trends -- 2.2. What drove postwar migration? -- 2.3. Immigrant selection and assimilation in the developed world -- 2.4. Immigrant selection and the brain drain -- 2.5. The labor market effects of immigration -- 2.6. Trends in immigration policy -- 2.7. Public attitudes and immigration policy -- 3. International Migration and Policy in the Future -- 3.1. How many migrants? -- 3.2. Can policy rise to the challenge? -- References -- Cameo 1: World Migration in Historical Perspective: Four Big Issues -- 1. Emigration Life Cycles, Industrial Revolutions, and Demographic Transitions -- 2. Brain Drain, Brain Gain, Skill Premia, and Endogenous Schooling Responses -- 3. Migration, Remittances, Financial Development, and Convergence -- 4. Migration Timing, the Ten Percent Rule, and Political Backlash -- References -- Part II: The Adjustment of Immigrants -- Chapter 3: The Adjustment of Immigrants in the Labor Market -- 1. Immigrant Labor Market Outcomes-Theoretical and Methodological Considerations -- 1.1. International skill transferability and investment in host-country-specific skills -- 1.2. An occupational mobility model.

1.3. Testing the IAM's predictions about immigrant earnings and cross-sectional bias -- 1.4. A decline in immigrant entry earnings -- 1.5. Expanding on Chiswick's Theoretical Model and Borjas's discovery of an unexplained decline in immigrant entry earnings -- 1.5.1. Theoretical extensions of Chiswick's IAM -- 1.5.2. Empirical extensions -- 1.6. Methodological points -- 1.6.1. Other issues with following cohorts -- 1.6.2. Excluding zero earners and the self-employed -- 2. Individual Attributes and Motives for Migrating -- 2.1. Level of schooling -- 2.1.1. Skill transferability and where immigrants receive their schooling -- 2.1.2. How skill transferability interacts with level of schooling -- 2.1.3. Controlling for education in immigrant adjustment models -- 2.2. Ability -- 2.3. Constraints -- 2.4. The importance of being permanent -- 2.5. Country of origin -- 2.6. Admission status -- 2.6.1. Admission on the basis of kinship versus skills -- 2.6.2. Kinship admissions and other types of labor market adjustment -- 2.6.3. Refugees -- 2.6.4. The undocumented -- 3. Beyond the Individual-Economic and Social Contexts Affecting Labor Market Outcomes -- 3.1. The structure of the labor market -- 3.2. Enclaves -- 3.3. The permanence of the community -- 3.4. The state of the labor market -- 3.4.1. Other effects of the state of the labor market on immigrant adjustment -- 3.5. Structural changes over time in the host economy -- 4. Labor Market Outcomes for Immigrant Women -- 4.1. The Family Investment Hypothesis: theoretical underpinnings -- 4.2. The Family Investment Hypothesis: empirical support -- 4.3. Ramifications of immigrant women joining the labor market -- 4.4. Family-based models of immigrant labor market adjustment and fertility -- 4.5. Following cohorts: another look at the Family Investment Hypothesis.

4.6. Two mysteries about testing for the Family Investment Hypothesis -- 5. Immigrant Economic Adjustment: Evidence from Countries Other than the United States -- 5.1. Country of origin, structural changes, and declines in immigrant initial earnings -- 5.2. Evidence of convergence -- 5.3. The importance of being permanent -- 5.4. The flexibility of a country's labor market and society -- 6. Summary and Directions for Further Research -- 6.1. The Occupational Mobility Model -- 6.2. The Immigrant Human Capital Investment Model -- 6.3. Empirical offspring of the IAM -- 6.4. Immigrant ability and the relative flexibility of societies -- 6.5. Skill acquisition -- 6.6. Beyond the individual -- 6.7. Immigrant women -- 6.8. Permanence -- 6.9. A concluding caveat -- References -- Chapter 4: The Human Capital (Schooling) of Immigrants in America -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Schooling of Migrants and the Native-Born -- 3. The Changing Education Gap of Immigrants -- 4. The Educational Diversity of Migrants -- 5. Foreign Students at American Schools -- 6. Immigrant Education and Generational Assimilation -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: International Migration and the Economics of Language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research Issues and Methodology -- 3. Choice of Destination -- 3.1. Choice of initial destination country -- 3.2. Location choice within a country -- 4. Determinants of Language Proficiency -- 4.1. Exposure -- 4.2. Efficiency -- 4.3. Economic incentives -- 5. Effects of Language on Earnings -- 5.1. Background considerations -- 5.2. Around the globe: different countries, different languages, similar results -- 5.2.1. Australia -- 5.2.2. Canada -- 5.2.3. Germany -- 5.2.4. Israel -- 5.2.5. Spain -- 5.2.6. United Kingdom -- 5.2.7. United States -- 5.3. An overview of the effects of dominant language proficiency on earnings.

5.4. Ethnic enclaves effects on earnings -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Immigrants and Immigrant Health -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Determinants of the HIE -- 2.1. Selective immigration -- 2.2. Health care access -- 2.3. Income assimilation -- 2.4. Acculturation -- 2.5. Recent empirical evidence of weight assimilation -- 3. The National Health Interview Survey -- 4. Measuring Immigrant Health and Assimilation -- 5. Analyzing Cohort and Assimilation Effects -- 6. The Healthy Immigrant Effect -- 6.1. Weight patterns by nativity -- 6.2. Immigrant assimilation and cohort differentials -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Immigrants and Demography: Marriage, Divorce, and Fertility -- 1. Motivation: Why Study Immigrant Marriage and Fertility? -- 2. Methodological Challenges to the Study of Immigrant Marriage and Fertility -- 2.1. Immigrant selection and individual heterogeneity -- 2.2. Data limitations to measuring family formation -- 3. Marriage and Divorce Among Immigrants -- 3.1. Microeconomic models of marriage formation -- 3.2. The determinants of intermarriage -- 3.3. Intermarriage as assimilation -- 3.4. Assortative matching in education and language -- 3.5. The timing of family formation -- 3.6. Cohabitation -- 3.7. Stability of marriage -- 3.8. Family reunification policies and their impact on marriage formation -- 4. Fertility -- 4.1. Microeconomic models of fertility -- 4.2. Immigrant differential fertility: mechanisms -- 4.2.1. Selection -- 4.2.2. Disruption -- 4.2.3. Adaptation -- 4.3. Duration in destination and age at arrival -- 4.3.1. Age at arrival, language proficiency, and critical period hypothesis -- 4.4. The role of culture: heterogeneity across source countries and adaptation -- 4.5. Son preference -- 4.6. The fertility of the second generation -- 5. Conclusion -- References.

Cameo 2: Immigrants and Religion.

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