Intro -- Contents -- Introduction to Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Prevention -- 1 Integrating Criminology and Prevention Research -- Introduction -- Prevention Science and Criminology: What Works and Why -- The Structure of This Book -- Chapter Overview -- References -- Theoretical Foundations to Preventing Crime and Violence -- 2 Social Structure Social Learning Theory: Preventing Crime and Violence -- Theoretical Roots -- Main Concepts of Social Learning Theory -- Review of the Social Learning Theory Literature -- Social Structure Social Learning Theory -- Review of the Social Structure Social Learning Theory Literature -- Historical Social Learning Prevention Programs -- Contemporary Prevention Programs -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 General Strain Theory -- An Overview of General Strain Theory -- GST and Crime Prevention -- Reduce Criminogenic Strains -- Alter Strains so as to Make Them Less Conducive to Crime -- Remove Individuals from Criminogenic Strains -- Provide Legal Escape Options for Criminogenic Strains -- Equip Individuals with the Traits, Skills, and Knowledge to Avoid Criminogenic Strains -- Alter the Perceptions/Goals of Individuals to Reduce Subjective Strains -- Reduce the Likelihood of Criminal Coping -- Pulling It All Together: Strain Responders and Support Centers -- References -- 4 Social Control Theory -- Introduction -- Theoretical Background -- Social Control Theory -- Research on Social Control Theory -- Attachment -- Commitment -- Involvement -- Belief -- Suggestions for Prevention -- References -- 5 Building Self-control to Prevent Crime -- Introduction -- General Theory of Crime -- Development of Self-control -- Schools and Self-control -- Existing Prevention Programs -- Perry Preschool Program (PPP) -- The Montreal Longitudinal and Experimental Study (MILES) -- Recommendations -- Conclusion -- References.

6 Social Disorganization Theory: Its History and Relevance to Crime Prevention -- Introduction -- The History of Social Disorganization Theory -- The Systemic Model of Social Disorganization -- Collective Efficacy: The Contemporary Reformulation of Social Disorganization Theory -- Social Disorganization Theory and Community Crime Prevention -- Future Challenges for Community-Organizing Crime Prevention Initiatives -- References -- 7 Routine Activity Theory -- Introduction -- Background -- Key Concepts of Routine Activity Theory -- A Motivated Offender -- A Suitable Target -- Value -- Inertia -- Visibility -- Accessibility -- The Absence of Effective Guardianship -- Summary of Routine Activity Theory -- Research Support -- Policy Implications -- References -- 8 Beyond Risk Factors: An Analytical Approach to Crime Prevention -- Introduction -- Risk Factors and Crime Prevention -- Prediction, Causation and Prevention -- Beyond Risk Factors: the Need for Theory -- The Weak Evidence-Base -- Situational Action Theory -- Using SAT as a Framework for Developing Effective Crime Prevention -- Changing People's Crime Propensity: Morality and the Ability to Exercise Self-control -- Content Versus Machinery -- Moral Education -- Cognitive Nurturing -- Changing Environments: Behavioural Norms and Deterrence -- Changing Exposure to Criminogenic Environments: Social and Self Selection -- Concluding Comments -- References -- Life-Course Development and Crime -- 9 Life-Course Development and Crime: An Introduction -- Introduction -- A Summary of Theoretical Frameworks and Key Findings from Developmental and Life-Course Criminology -- Developmental/Life-Course Criminology -- Summary -- Implications and Evidence for Prevention from Developmental and Life-Course Research -- Closing Thoughts -- References -- 10 Early Childhood Intervention -- Introduction.

Developmental and Life-Course Criminology -- The Effectiveness of Crime Prevention Strategies Offered at the Earliest Stages of the Life-Course -- Home Visitation Programs -- Early Childhood Education Programs -- Social Skills Training Programs -- Family Support/Parent Training -- Summary -- Cost-Benefits of Early Intervention -- Recommendations for a Better Understanding of the Development and Prevention of Criminality in the Prenatal and Early Childhood Periods -- References -- 11 The Social Landscape of Intractable Offending Among African-American Males in Marginalized Contexts -- Introduction -- Developmental and Life-Course Perspectives on Stability and Change -- The Landscape of Contemporary Adolescence and Life Courses -- Adolescent Educational Experiences and Criminalization -- Concluding Comments -- References -- 12 Crime Prevention Over the Life Course: Elder Abuse -- Concept of Elder Abuse -- Elder Abuse as Deviance and Crime -- Strain and Control Perspectives on Deviance and Crime -- Strain and Opportunity in Elder Abuse Research -- Theoretical Approaches to Elder Abuse -- Routine Activity Theory -- Situational Action Theory of Crime Causation -- Criminological Perspective on Two Fields of Elder Abuse -- Financial Exploitation and Property Crimes Selectively Targeted at the Very Old -- Elder Abuse in Family Caregiving -- Prevention of Elder Abuse: Outline of a Strategy Emerging from a Conceptual Analysis of the Field -- Conclusion -- References -- 13 Implications of Life Course Approaches for Prevention Science -- The War on Drugs and the Prison Experiment -- The Increase in Economic Inequality -- The Rise of the Maturity Gap -- Changing Families and Households -- Implications for Prevention Science -- References -- Methodological Issues in the Prevention of Crime and Violence -- 14 Sources of Crime Data -- What Are Crime Data?.

Official Statistics on Crime -- Uniform Crime Reports -- Limitations -- NIBRS -- Conviction/Imprisonment Data -- Unofficial Data -- Victimization Surveys (NCVS) -- Limitations -- Self-Report Data -- Limitations -- Need for Alternate Sources of Crime Data -- International Crime Data -- United Nations -- Usefulness of Crime Data for Prevention Science -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Macro- and Micro-approaches to Crime Prevention and Intervention Programs -- Introduction -- Units of Analysis -- Unit of Analysis: Micro-level -- Unit of Analysis: Macro-Level -- A Multilevel Approach to Interventions -- Background -- Examples of Multilevel Programs and Interventions -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Research Designs in Crime and Violence Prevention -- Introduction -- Criteria for Establishing Causal Inferences -- Randomized Experiments -- Quasi-Experiments -- Exogeneity in Non-Randomized Experiments -- Summary -- References -- 17 Propensity Score Matching and Prevention Science -- Introduction -- Standards of Evidence in Prevention Science -- Propensity Score Matching -- Simple Matching in Practice -- Propensity Score Matching in Practice -- Step 1: The Selection Model -- Step 2: Checking the Model -- Step 3: Assessing Treatment Effect -- Propensity Score Matching in Prevention Science -- Conclusion -- References -- What "Works" in Preventing Crime and Violence? -- 18 Risk Reduction via a Community-Wide Approach to Parenting and Family Support -- Introduction -- Precursors to Adolescent Conduct Problems and Delinquency -- Rationale for Family-Based Prevention -- Parenting Interventions in Early Childhood -- Community-Wide Strategy -- The Triple P System -- Key Principles and Rationale for Triple P -- Elements of the Triple P System -- Relevant Outcomes -- Conclusions -- Disclosure Statement -- References -- 19 Domestic Violence Prevention.

Domestic Violence Prevention -- Domestic Violence Definitions, Rates, and Outcomes -- Domestic Violence Risk Factors and Theories of Etiology -- DV Prevention -- Prevention Classifications -- Prevention Initiatives -- What Makes DV Prevention Effective -- The Future of DV Prevention -- References -- 20 The Good Behavior Game -- Behavior Problems in the Classroom -- Origins of the GBG -- GBG Effectiveness -- Immediate Effects -- Potential Behavioral Mechanisms Responsible for GBG's Effectiveness -- Long-Term Effects -- GBG Combined with Other Interventions -- Variations of the GBG -- Teams -- Point Delivery and Criteria -- Determining Point Criterion -- Winning Teams -- Point Delivery Versus Point Removal -- Feedback -- The Use of Rewards -- Setting Variations -- Best Practice Guidelines -- References -- 21 Promising Avenues for Prevention: Confronting Sexual Victimization on College Campuses -- The Extent of Sexual Victimization on College Campuses -- What Predicts Sexual Victimization Risk? -- Routine Activities/Risky Lifestyles Perspective -- College Culture and Climate -- Offender Characteristics -- Development of Sexual Victimization Prevention Programs and Early Programs -- More Recent Efforts at Prevention -- Risk Reduction Programs -- Alcohol and Drug Use Programs -- Bystander Intervention Programs -- Altering Attitudes and Knowledge -- Intentions to Use and Use of Bystander Behaviors -- Altering Associations -- Reducing Sexual Violence -- Conclusion -- References -- 22 Situational Crime Prevention -- Defining Situational Crime Prevention -- Historical Evolution -- The Situational Approach of Crime Prevention -- Theoretical Underpinnings -- The Methodology of SCP -- Opportunity-Reducing Techniques -- Evidence of Effectiveness -- Methodological Challenges in SCP Evaluation -- Conclusion -- References.

23 Hot Spots Policing: Theoretical Perspectives, Scientific Evidence, and Proper Implementation.

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