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The Pharmacist Guide to Implementing Pharmaceutical Care.

Av: Medverkande: Materialtyp: TextUtgivningsuppgift: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2018Datum för upphovsrätt: ©2019Utgåva: 1st edBeskrivning: 1 online resource (503 pages)Innehållstyp:
  • text
Medietyp:
  • computer
Bärartyp:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9783319925769
Ämnen: Genre/form: DDK-klassifikation:
  • 615.19
Onlineresurser:
Innehåll:
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors, Reviewers, Editors, and their Contributions -- What is Pharmaceutical Care -- 1 Definitions of Pharmaceutical Care and Related Concepts -- Abstract -- 1.1 Names and Definitions -- 1.2 Drug or Medicine -- 1.3 Defining Pharmaceutical Care -- 1.4 Drug-Related Problems and Medication Errors -- 1.5 Medication Review -- 1.6 The Structure-Process-Outcomes (SPO) Triad -- References -- 2 Pharmaceutical Care and the Role of Drug-Related Problems -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Drug-Related Problems, What Is in the Name -- 2.3 Medication Errors -- 2.4 DRP Classifications -- References -- Pharmaceutical Care Processes -- 3 Pharmaceutical Care and the Role of the Patient -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction and Definition of Person-Centered Care -- 3.2 Different Types of Patients -- 3.3 What Do Patients Want to Know from the Pharmacist? -- 3.4 Patients' Expectations of the Community Pharmacist -- References -- 4 Pharmaceutical Care and Patient Counseling -- Abstract -- 4.1 Counseling: Definition and Scope -- 4.2 Interpersonal Skills in Counseling -- 4.3 Pharmaceutical Counseling in Practice: Essential Elements -- 4.4 Pharmaceutical Counseling in Practice: Essential Process Steps -- 4.5 Pharmaceutical Counseling and Medication Adherence -- References -- 5 The Role of Adherence in Pharmaceutical Care -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Defining Key Adherence-Related Terms -- 5.2.1 Compliance -- 5.2.2 Adherence -- 5.2.3 Persistence -- 5.2.4 Concordance -- 5.2.5 Patient-Centered Care -- 5.2.6 Categories of Non-adherence -- 5.3 Factors Impacting Adherence -- 5.3.1 Therapy-Related Factors -- 5.3.1.1 Health Condition-Related Factors -- 5.3.1.2 Social and Economic Factors -- 5.3.1.3 Patient-Related Factors -- 5.3.1.4 Health Care System-Related Factors -- 5.4 Factors Promoting Adherence to Prescribed Medications.
5.5 Interventions that Promote Adherence to Therapy -- 5.5.1 Educational Interventions -- 5.5.2 Behavioral Interventions -- 5.5.3 Intervention Design -- 5.6 The Pharmacist-Patient Relationship -- 5.6.1 Methods of Identifying Non-adherence in Health Care Consultations -- 5.6.2 How to Measure Patients' Adherence -- 5.6.2.1 Direct Methods -- 5.6.2.2 Indirect Methods -- References -- 6 The Role of Interprofessional Communication in Pharmaceutical Care -- Abstract -- 6.1 From Monodisciplinary Approach Via Multidisciplinary Care to Interprofessional Collaboration -- 6.2 Integrated Services -- 6.3 Prerequisites for Multidisciplinary and Interprofessional Collaboration -- 6.4 Interprofessional Communication: A Central Element in Collaboration -- 6.5 Interprofessional Communication for Pharmacists -- 6.6 Interprofessional Communication in Current Practice -- 6.7 Role of the Patient -- References -- 7 Medication Review and Medication Reconciliation -- Abstract -- 7.1 Medication Review -- 7.1.1 Classification of Medication Review -- 7.1.2 Selection of Patients -- 7.1.3 Process of Medication Review -- 7.1.4 Implementation of Medication Review -- 7.1.5 Impact of Medication Review -- 7.2 Medication Reconciliation -- 7.2.1 Impact of Medication Reconciliation -- 7.2.2 Required Qualifications to Perform Medication Reconciliation -- 7.2.3 Best Possible Medication History (BPMH) -- 7.2.4 Discharge Prescriptions in Community Pharmacies -- 7.2.5 Case Scenario -- References -- 8 Documenting Pharmaceutical Care -- Abstract -- 8.1 Why Document? -- 8.2 Development of Pharmaceutical Care Documentation -- 8.3 Use of Computerized Documentation to Generate DRP Statistics -- 8.4 Additional Rationale for Pharmaceutical Care Documentation -- References -- 9 Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Care: Guidelines and Protocols -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Terminology.
9.3 Pharmaceutical Care Guidelines: Young Discipline Compared to Others -- 9.4 Guideline Development -- 9.4.1 Grade Existing Evidence -- 9.4.2 From a First Draft to a Published Version -- 9.4.3 Agree on Effective Guidelines -- 9.5 Stakeholders -- 9.6 Guideline Implementation -- References -- 10 Structure, Process, and Outcome, and Their Indicators -- Abstract -- 10.1 The Concept of Three Dimensions -- 10.2 Quality Indicators -- 10.3 Extended Model for the Quality of Pharmaceutical Care -- 10.4 Measurement and Validation of Quality Indicators -- 10.5 Application of Indicator Scores in Daily Practice -- References -- 11 Economical, Clinical, and Humanistic Outcomes and Pharmaceutical Care -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Rationale for Model Development -- 11.3 Principles of the ECHO Model -- 11.3.1 Clinical Outcomes -- 11.3.2 Economic Outcomes -- 11.3.3 Humanistic Outcomes -- 11.4 Illustration of Theoretical Model -- 11.5 Advantages of the ECHO Model -- 11.6 Outcome Selection and Measurement -- 11.7 Application of the ECHO Model in Pharmaceutical Care Interventions -- References -- 12 The Role of Core Outcome Sets for Pharmaceutical Care Research -- Abstract -- 12.1 Core Outcomes -- 12.2 COMET Initiative -- 12.3 Methodology -- 12.3.1 Defining the Scope of a Proposed COS -- 12.3.2 Identifying Potential Outcomes for Inclusion in the COS -- 12.3.3 Categorizing Identified Outcomes -- 12.3.4 Stakeholder Involvement -- 12.3.5 Consensus Exercise -- 12.3.6 Criteria for Consensus -- 12.3.7 Face-to-Face Meeting -- 12.4 Other COS Initiatives -- 12.4.1 Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Reporting (COS-STAR) -- 12.4.2 COnsensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) -- 12.5 COSs Developed/Under Development in Pharmaceutical Care: Case Studies.
12.5.1 The Development of a COS for Effectiveness Trials Aimed at Optimizing Prescribing in Older Adults in Care Homes -- 12.5.2 Development of a COS for Medication Review in Older People -- 12.5.3 The Development of a Core Outcome Set for Use in Interventions Aimed at Improving Appropriate Polypharmacy in Older People in Primary Care -- 12.5.4 The Development of a COS for Medicines Management Interventions for People with Dementia Living in Primary Care -- 12.5.5 Development of a Core Outcome Set for Trials Investigating the Long-Term Management of Bronchiectasis -- References -- Pharmaceutical Care Around the World -- Part3 -- 13 Pharmaceutical Care in North America -- Abstract -- 13.1 United States of America -- 13.1.1 The Community Pharmacist in the US -- 13.1.2 US Regulation of Pharmaceutical Care -- 13.1.3 Pharmacists as a Provider in the US -- 13.1.4 US Bibliographic Review -- 13.2 Canada -- 13.2.1 The Community Pharmacist in Canada -- 13.2.2 Canada Regulation of Pharmaceutical Care -- 13.2.3 Pharmacists as a Provider in Canada -- 13.2.4 Canada Bibliographic Review -- References -- 14 Pharmaceutical Care in Europe -- Abstract -- 14.1 Pharmacy Practice in Europe -- 14.2 Community Pharmacy Structure -- 14.3 Implemented Services -- 14.4 Medication Review in Europe -- 14.4.1 Value of Medication Review -- 14.4.2 Implementation of Medication Review in Europe -- 14.5 The Effect of Pharmaceutical Care in Europe -- 14.5.1 Research Conducted Around Pharmaceutical Care Implementation and Practice in Europe -- 14.5.2 Policy and Practice Around Pharmaceutical Care in Europe -- References -- 15 Pharmaceutical Care in Australia and New Zealand -- Abstract -- 15.1 Community Pharmacy Structure in Australia and New Zealand -- 15.2 Implemented Services -- 15.3 Interprofessional Activities in Australia and New Zealand.
15.4 Pharmaceutical Care in Australia and New Zealand -- 15.4.1 Counseling About Medicines in Australia and New Zealand -- 15.4.2 Medication Management Review in Australia and New Zealand -- 15.4.2.1 Australia -- 15.4.2.2 New Zealand -- 15.4.2.3 Medication Management Review Reimbursement in Australia and New Zealand -- References -- 16 Pharmaceutical Care in Latin America -- Abstract -- 16.1 Background for Pharmacy Practice in Latin America -- 16.2 The Pharmacy Practice Structure -- 16.3 Pharmaceutical Care Implementation -- 16.3.1 Resources -- 16.3.1.1 Lack of Money (Reimbursement) -- 16.3.1.2 Lack of Time -- 16.3.1.3 Lack of Space in Pharmacies -- 16.3.1.4 Lack of Health Care Networks -- 16.3.1.5 Lack of Trained Staff -- 16.3.1.6 Lack of Appropriate Software -- 16.3.2 Attitude and Vision -- 16.3.2.1 Inappropriate Attitude of Pharmacy Staff Towards Pharmaceutical Care -- 16.3.2.2 Inappropriate Attitude of Pharmacists -- 16.3.2.3 Inappropriate Attitude of Pharmacy Owner Towards Pharmaceutical Care -- 16.3.2.4 Attitude of Other Health Professionals Towards Pharmaceutical Care -- 16.4 Future Developments -- References -- 17 Pharmaceutical Care in Asia -- Abstract -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Concept of Pharmaceutical Care in Asia -- 17.3 Pharmaceutical Care in East Asia -- 17.4 Pharmaceutical Care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region -- 17.5 Pharmaceutical Care in South Asia -- 17.6 Pharmaceutical Care in South East Asia -- References -- Implementing Pharmaceutical Care in Different Settings -- Part4 -- 18 Pharmaceutical Care and Implementation Strategies -- Abstract -- 18.1 Implementation Background -- 18.2 Implementation Theory -- 18.3 Describing and Guiding the Implementation Process of Pharmaceutical Care and Professional Services in Pharmacy.
18.4 Understanding and Explaining What Influences Pharmaceutical Care and Professional Services Implementation Process and Outcomes.
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors, Reviewers, Editors, and their Contributions -- What is Pharmaceutical Care -- 1 Definitions of Pharmaceutical Care and Related Concepts -- Abstract -- 1.1 Names and Definitions -- 1.2 Drug or Medicine -- 1.3 Defining Pharmaceutical Care -- 1.4 Drug-Related Problems and Medication Errors -- 1.5 Medication Review -- 1.6 The Structure-Process-Outcomes (SPO) Triad -- References -- 2 Pharmaceutical Care and the Role of Drug-Related Problems -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Drug-Related Problems, What Is in the Name -- 2.3 Medication Errors -- 2.4 DRP Classifications -- References -- Pharmaceutical Care Processes -- 3 Pharmaceutical Care and the Role of the Patient -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction and Definition of Person-Centered Care -- 3.2 Different Types of Patients -- 3.3 What Do Patients Want to Know from the Pharmacist? -- 3.4 Patients' Expectations of the Community Pharmacist -- References -- 4 Pharmaceutical Care and Patient Counseling -- Abstract -- 4.1 Counseling: Definition and Scope -- 4.2 Interpersonal Skills in Counseling -- 4.3 Pharmaceutical Counseling in Practice: Essential Elements -- 4.4 Pharmaceutical Counseling in Practice: Essential Process Steps -- 4.5 Pharmaceutical Counseling and Medication Adherence -- References -- 5 The Role of Adherence in Pharmaceutical Care -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Defining Key Adherence-Related Terms -- 5.2.1 Compliance -- 5.2.2 Adherence -- 5.2.3 Persistence -- 5.2.4 Concordance -- 5.2.5 Patient-Centered Care -- 5.2.6 Categories of Non-adherence -- 5.3 Factors Impacting Adherence -- 5.3.1 Therapy-Related Factors -- 5.3.1.1 Health Condition-Related Factors -- 5.3.1.2 Social and Economic Factors -- 5.3.1.3 Patient-Related Factors -- 5.3.1.4 Health Care System-Related Factors -- 5.4 Factors Promoting Adherence to Prescribed Medications.

5.5 Interventions that Promote Adherence to Therapy -- 5.5.1 Educational Interventions -- 5.5.2 Behavioral Interventions -- 5.5.3 Intervention Design -- 5.6 The Pharmacist-Patient Relationship -- 5.6.1 Methods of Identifying Non-adherence in Health Care Consultations -- 5.6.2 How to Measure Patients' Adherence -- 5.6.2.1 Direct Methods -- 5.6.2.2 Indirect Methods -- References -- 6 The Role of Interprofessional Communication in Pharmaceutical Care -- Abstract -- 6.1 From Monodisciplinary Approach Via Multidisciplinary Care to Interprofessional Collaboration -- 6.2 Integrated Services -- 6.3 Prerequisites for Multidisciplinary and Interprofessional Collaboration -- 6.4 Interprofessional Communication: A Central Element in Collaboration -- 6.5 Interprofessional Communication for Pharmacists -- 6.6 Interprofessional Communication in Current Practice -- 6.7 Role of the Patient -- References -- 7 Medication Review and Medication Reconciliation -- Abstract -- 7.1 Medication Review -- 7.1.1 Classification of Medication Review -- 7.1.2 Selection of Patients -- 7.1.3 Process of Medication Review -- 7.1.4 Implementation of Medication Review -- 7.1.5 Impact of Medication Review -- 7.2 Medication Reconciliation -- 7.2.1 Impact of Medication Reconciliation -- 7.2.2 Required Qualifications to Perform Medication Reconciliation -- 7.2.3 Best Possible Medication History (BPMH) -- 7.2.4 Discharge Prescriptions in Community Pharmacies -- 7.2.5 Case Scenario -- References -- 8 Documenting Pharmaceutical Care -- Abstract -- 8.1 Why Document? -- 8.2 Development of Pharmaceutical Care Documentation -- 8.3 Use of Computerized Documentation to Generate DRP Statistics -- 8.4 Additional Rationale for Pharmaceutical Care Documentation -- References -- 9 Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Care: Guidelines and Protocols -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Terminology.

9.3 Pharmaceutical Care Guidelines: Young Discipline Compared to Others -- 9.4 Guideline Development -- 9.4.1 Grade Existing Evidence -- 9.4.2 From a First Draft to a Published Version -- 9.4.3 Agree on Effective Guidelines -- 9.5 Stakeholders -- 9.6 Guideline Implementation -- References -- 10 Structure, Process, and Outcome, and Their Indicators -- Abstract -- 10.1 The Concept of Three Dimensions -- 10.2 Quality Indicators -- 10.3 Extended Model for the Quality of Pharmaceutical Care -- 10.4 Measurement and Validation of Quality Indicators -- 10.5 Application of Indicator Scores in Daily Practice -- References -- 11 Economical, Clinical, and Humanistic Outcomes and Pharmaceutical Care -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Rationale for Model Development -- 11.3 Principles of the ECHO Model -- 11.3.1 Clinical Outcomes -- 11.3.2 Economic Outcomes -- 11.3.3 Humanistic Outcomes -- 11.4 Illustration of Theoretical Model -- 11.5 Advantages of the ECHO Model -- 11.6 Outcome Selection and Measurement -- 11.7 Application of the ECHO Model in Pharmaceutical Care Interventions -- References -- 12 The Role of Core Outcome Sets for Pharmaceutical Care Research -- Abstract -- 12.1 Core Outcomes -- 12.2 COMET Initiative -- 12.3 Methodology -- 12.3.1 Defining the Scope of a Proposed COS -- 12.3.2 Identifying Potential Outcomes for Inclusion in the COS -- 12.3.3 Categorizing Identified Outcomes -- 12.3.4 Stakeholder Involvement -- 12.3.5 Consensus Exercise -- 12.3.6 Criteria for Consensus -- 12.3.7 Face-to-Face Meeting -- 12.4 Other COS Initiatives -- 12.4.1 Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Reporting (COS-STAR) -- 12.4.2 COnsensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) -- 12.5 COSs Developed/Under Development in Pharmaceutical Care: Case Studies.

12.5.1 The Development of a COS for Effectiveness Trials Aimed at Optimizing Prescribing in Older Adults in Care Homes -- 12.5.2 Development of a COS for Medication Review in Older People -- 12.5.3 The Development of a Core Outcome Set for Use in Interventions Aimed at Improving Appropriate Polypharmacy in Older People in Primary Care -- 12.5.4 The Development of a COS for Medicines Management Interventions for People with Dementia Living in Primary Care -- 12.5.5 Development of a Core Outcome Set for Trials Investigating the Long-Term Management of Bronchiectasis -- References -- Pharmaceutical Care Around the World -- Part3 -- 13 Pharmaceutical Care in North America -- Abstract -- 13.1 United States of America -- 13.1.1 The Community Pharmacist in the US -- 13.1.2 US Regulation of Pharmaceutical Care -- 13.1.3 Pharmacists as a Provider in the US -- 13.1.4 US Bibliographic Review -- 13.2 Canada -- 13.2.1 The Community Pharmacist in Canada -- 13.2.2 Canada Regulation of Pharmaceutical Care -- 13.2.3 Pharmacists as a Provider in Canada -- 13.2.4 Canada Bibliographic Review -- References -- 14 Pharmaceutical Care in Europe -- Abstract -- 14.1 Pharmacy Practice in Europe -- 14.2 Community Pharmacy Structure -- 14.3 Implemented Services -- 14.4 Medication Review in Europe -- 14.4.1 Value of Medication Review -- 14.4.2 Implementation of Medication Review in Europe -- 14.5 The Effect of Pharmaceutical Care in Europe -- 14.5.1 Research Conducted Around Pharmaceutical Care Implementation and Practice in Europe -- 14.5.2 Policy and Practice Around Pharmaceutical Care in Europe -- References -- 15 Pharmaceutical Care in Australia and New Zealand -- Abstract -- 15.1 Community Pharmacy Structure in Australia and New Zealand -- 15.2 Implemented Services -- 15.3 Interprofessional Activities in Australia and New Zealand.

15.4 Pharmaceutical Care in Australia and New Zealand -- 15.4.1 Counseling About Medicines in Australia and New Zealand -- 15.4.2 Medication Management Review in Australia and New Zealand -- 15.4.2.1 Australia -- 15.4.2.2 New Zealand -- 15.4.2.3 Medication Management Review Reimbursement in Australia and New Zealand -- References -- 16 Pharmaceutical Care in Latin America -- Abstract -- 16.1 Background for Pharmacy Practice in Latin America -- 16.2 The Pharmacy Practice Structure -- 16.3 Pharmaceutical Care Implementation -- 16.3.1 Resources -- 16.3.1.1 Lack of Money (Reimbursement) -- 16.3.1.2 Lack of Time -- 16.3.1.3 Lack of Space in Pharmacies -- 16.3.1.4 Lack of Health Care Networks -- 16.3.1.5 Lack of Trained Staff -- 16.3.1.6 Lack of Appropriate Software -- 16.3.2 Attitude and Vision -- 16.3.2.1 Inappropriate Attitude of Pharmacy Staff Towards Pharmaceutical Care -- 16.3.2.2 Inappropriate Attitude of Pharmacists -- 16.3.2.3 Inappropriate Attitude of Pharmacy Owner Towards Pharmaceutical Care -- 16.3.2.4 Attitude of Other Health Professionals Towards Pharmaceutical Care -- 16.4 Future Developments -- References -- 17 Pharmaceutical Care in Asia -- Abstract -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Concept of Pharmaceutical Care in Asia -- 17.3 Pharmaceutical Care in East Asia -- 17.4 Pharmaceutical Care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region -- 17.5 Pharmaceutical Care in South Asia -- 17.6 Pharmaceutical Care in South East Asia -- References -- Implementing Pharmaceutical Care in Different Settings -- Part4 -- 18 Pharmaceutical Care and Implementation Strategies -- Abstract -- 18.1 Implementation Background -- 18.2 Implementation Theory -- 18.3 Describing and Guiding the Implementation Process of Pharmaceutical Care and Professional Services in Pharmacy.

18.4 Understanding and Explaining What Influences Pharmaceutical Care and Professional Services Implementation Process and Outcomes.

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