Civic Engagement in Scandinavia -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Understanding Civic Engagement in the Scandinavian Context -- Introduction -- Understanding the Scandinavian Context -- The Institutional Heritage of the Popular Mass Movements -- The Organizational Structures and Cultural Frames of Volunteering -- The Scandinavian Universal Welfare State Context -- Scandinavian Market Institutions -- Concluding Remarks on the Mechanisms of Civic Engagement -- Internal Variations -- Challenges for the Scandinavian Civil Societies -- Challenges for the Scandinavian Welfare Model -- Structure of the Book -- Appendix 1.1 -- References -- Chapter 2: The Scandinavian Organizational Landscape: Extensive and Different -- Introduction -- The Historical Importance of the Scandinavian Popular Mass Movements -- The Importance of the Way of Organizing -- The Structure and Composition of the Scandinavian Civil Society of Today -- Data and Measurement -- Organizational Scope and Density -- Organizational Types -- Voluntary Work across Organizational Fields -- A Changing Role of Membership and Way of Organizing? -- Implications of the Changes in the Scandinavian Voluntary Sector Model -- References -- Chapter 3: Trends in Volunteering in Scandinavia -- Introduction -- The Resource Theory and Changes in Volunteering Over Time -- Educational Expansion -- Work-Life Changes -- Changes in Family Structures -- Institutional Changes -- Increasing Political Focus on Mobilization of (Welfare) Volunteers -- Weakening Organizational Attachment? -- Trends in the Levels of Volunteering -- Trends in and Across Different Areas of Volunteering -- Trends in Volunteers' Contributions of Time -- Explaining the Trends -- Explaining Trends in Levels of Volunteering -- Changes in the Determinants of Volunteering Over Time.

Explaining Trends in Different Areas of Volunteering -- Explaining Trends in the Volunteers' Contributions of Time -- Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 4: Beyond Voluntary Organizations and the Welfare State: Patterns of Informal Helping in the Scandinavian Countries -- Introduction -- Informal Help From a Welfare State Perspective -- Informal Help From a Civil Society Perspective -- Data and Variables -- Results -- How Extensive Is Informal Helping in the Scandinavian Countries? -- How Is Informal Helping Associated with Volunteering in Scandinavia? -- What Characterizes Helpers and the Recipients of Help? -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 5: Giving in Scandinavia -- Introduction -- Background -- Paths to Modernity -- Economic Conditions -- The Popular Mass Movements -- The State Church -- The Modern Welfare State -- Regulations, Institutions and Organizations in Scandinavia -- Methods and Materials -- Commonalities and Differences in Scandinavian Giving -- The Proportion of Givers and How Much They Give -- Size and Distribution of Giving in Scandinavia -- Gender and Giving in Scandinavia -- What Scandinavians Give Money to -- Giving and Other Types of Volunteering -- The Scandinavian Moral and Logic of Giving -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: New Forms of Civic Engagement. Implications of Social Media on Civic Engagement and Organization in Scandinavia -- Introduction -- Digitalization and New Forms of Civic Organization and Engagement -- New Organizational Logics? -- Digitalization and Civic Engagement -- Digital Volunteering -- Data and Measurement -- Digital Volunteering in Scandinavia -- Digital Volunteering Tasks -- The Digital Volunteers -- Types of Digital and Traditional Volunteers -- Concluding Remarks -- Appendix 6.1 -- References -- Chapter 7: Gender and Volunteering in Scandinavia -- Introduction.

The Impact of Gender on the Different Forms of Work Activities -- Volunteering and Paid Work -- Volunteering in Different Welfare Systems -- What to Look at in the Empirical Analysis -- Methods and Data -- Gender Differences in Scandinavian Volunteering -- Explaining Gender Differences in Scandinavia -- Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: The Ambiguities of Volunteering -- Introduction -- Discourses on the Role of Volunteering for Welfare -- Data Material -- The Broad Picture -- Narratives on Welfare -- The Public Perspective -- The Volunteer Perspective -- The Employee Perspective -- The Opportunities and Moral Dilemmas of Volunteering -- References -- Chapter 9: Comparative and Theoretical Lessons from the Scandinavian Case -- Introduction -- Main Findings -- Theoretical Lessons -- The Embeddedness of Civic Engagement in the Organizational Society -- The Embeddedness of Civic Engagement in Wider State and Market Structures -- References -- Methods Appendix: National Population Surveys on Civic Engagement in Denmark, Norway and Sweden -- Denmark -- Norway -- Sweden -- Comparing Volunteering in Denmark, Norway and Sweden -- Organization and Pooling of Data -- References -- Author Presentations -- Index.

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