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The Emergence of Modern Shi'ism : Islamic Reform in Iraq and Iran.

Av: Materialtyp: TextUtgivningsuppgift: London : Oneworld Publications, 2015Datum för upphovsrätt: ©2014Utgåva: 1st edBeskrivning: 1 online resource (196 pages)Innehållstyp:
  • text
Medietyp:
  • computer
Bärartyp:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781780744971
Ämnen: Genre/form: DDK-klassifikation:
  • 297.82
Onlineresurser:
Innehåll:
Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- The Triumph of neo-Usulism -- The Eighteenth-Century Moment -- Contemporary Shi'ism and its Roots -- Shi'i Knowledge and Authority -- Summary of Chapters -- Chapter 1 The Times and Places of Reform in the Modern World -- Introduction -- The Place of Modernity -- The Time of Modernity -- World Systems and Multiple Modernities -- Creation of the Modern World -- Tradition and Change: From Pre-Modern to Modern -- Chapter 2 Shi'ism and the Emergence of Modern Iran -- Introduction -- Safavid Centralization of Iran (1501-1722) -- Decentralization of Iran (1722-85) -- Qajar Recentralization of Iran (1785-1925) -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Shi'ism and the Emergence of Modern Iraq -- Introduction -- Ottoman and Mamluk Rule in Iraq -- Shi'ism and Arab Tribes in Southern Iraq -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Wahid Bihbihani: Shi'i Reviver and Reformer -- Introduction -- Reviver of the Eighteenth Century -- Bihbihani's Early Life -- Bihbihani in Bihbihan -- Usuli-Akhbari Dispute in Karbala' -- The Historical and Mythical Bihbihani -- Conclusion: Why Usulism Prevailed -- Chapter 5 Wahid Bihbihani's Usuli Network In Iraq And Iran -- Introduction -- Usuli-Qajar Alliance -- Bihbihani's Students in Iraq -- Bahr al-'Ulum (Najaf) -- Shaykh Ja'far al-Najafi "Kashif al-Ghita'" (Najaf) -- Mirza Muhammad Mahdi Shahristani (Karbala') -- Sayyid 'Ali Tabataba'i (Karbala') -- Bihbihani's Students in Iran -- Mirza Abu al-Qasim Qummi (Qum) -- Mulla Ahmad Naraqi (Kashan) -- Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi (Isfahan) -- Muhammad Baqir Shafti (Isfahan) -- Additional Students of Bihbihani -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6 Wahid Bihbihani's Conception of Islamic Law -- Introduction -- Bihbihani's Legalistic Conception of Knowledge -- Four or Five Sources of Usuli Shi'i Law? -- 1. The Qur'an -- 2. Traditions (Hadith) -- 3. Consensus (ijma').
4. Reason ('aql) -- 5. Transference (ta'diyya) vs. Analogy (qiyas) -- Language (lugha) and Custom ('urf) -- Conjecture of Mujtahids -- Conclusion -- Chapter 7 Founding Fathers of Modern Islam -- Introduction -- Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab and the Wahhabi Movement -- Ibn Idris and Neo-Sufism -- Political Influence of the Reformers -- Knowledge and Authority -- Opponents of the Reformers -- Primary Concerns of the Reformers -- Conclusion -- Glossary -- Notes -- Bibliography.
Sammanfattning: This book takes a fresh look at the foundations of modern Islam. Scholars often locate the origins of the modern Islamic world in European colonialism or Islamic reactions to European modernity. This study, however, focuses on the rise of Islamic movements indigenous to the Middle East, which developed in direct response to the collapse and decentralization of the Islamic gunpowder empires. Arguing that the Usuli movement, as well as Wahhabism and neo-Sufism, emerged in reaction to the disintegration and political decentralization of the Safavid, Ottoman, and Mughal empires, this book specifically highlights the emergence of Usuli Shi'ism in the 18th and 19th centuries. The long-term impact of the Usuli revival was that Shi'i clerics gained unprecedented social, political, and economic power in Iran and southern Iraq. Usuli clerics claimed authority to issue binding legal judgments, which, they argue, must be observed by all Shi'is. By the early 19th century, Usulism emerged as a popular, fiercely independent, transnational Islamic movement. The Usuli clerics have often operated at the heart of social and political developments in modern Iraq and Iran and today dominate the politics of the region.
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Intro -- Preface -- Introduction -- The Triumph of neo-Usulism -- The Eighteenth-Century Moment -- Contemporary Shi'ism and its Roots -- Shi'i Knowledge and Authority -- Summary of Chapters -- Chapter 1 The Times and Places of Reform in the Modern World -- Introduction -- The Place of Modernity -- The Time of Modernity -- World Systems and Multiple Modernities -- Creation of the Modern World -- Tradition and Change: From Pre-Modern to Modern -- Chapter 2 Shi'ism and the Emergence of Modern Iran -- Introduction -- Safavid Centralization of Iran (1501-1722) -- Decentralization of Iran (1722-85) -- Qajar Recentralization of Iran (1785-1925) -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Shi'ism and the Emergence of Modern Iraq -- Introduction -- Ottoman and Mamluk Rule in Iraq -- Shi'ism and Arab Tribes in Southern Iraq -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Wahid Bihbihani: Shi'i Reviver and Reformer -- Introduction -- Reviver of the Eighteenth Century -- Bihbihani's Early Life -- Bihbihani in Bihbihan -- Usuli-Akhbari Dispute in Karbala' -- The Historical and Mythical Bihbihani -- Conclusion: Why Usulism Prevailed -- Chapter 5 Wahid Bihbihani's Usuli Network In Iraq And Iran -- Introduction -- Usuli-Qajar Alliance -- Bihbihani's Students in Iraq -- Bahr al-'Ulum (Najaf) -- Shaykh Ja'far al-Najafi "Kashif al-Ghita'" (Najaf) -- Mirza Muhammad Mahdi Shahristani (Karbala') -- Sayyid 'Ali Tabataba'i (Karbala') -- Bihbihani's Students in Iran -- Mirza Abu al-Qasim Qummi (Qum) -- Mulla Ahmad Naraqi (Kashan) -- Muhammad Ibrahim Kalbasi (Isfahan) -- Muhammad Baqir Shafti (Isfahan) -- Additional Students of Bihbihani -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6 Wahid Bihbihani's Conception of Islamic Law -- Introduction -- Bihbihani's Legalistic Conception of Knowledge -- Four or Five Sources of Usuli Shi'i Law? -- 1. The Qur'an -- 2. Traditions (Hadith) -- 3. Consensus (ijma').

4. Reason ('aql) -- 5. Transference (ta'diyya) vs. Analogy (qiyas) -- Language (lugha) and Custom ('urf) -- Conjecture of Mujtahids -- Conclusion -- Chapter 7 Founding Fathers of Modern Islam -- Introduction -- Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab and the Wahhabi Movement -- Ibn Idris and Neo-Sufism -- Political Influence of the Reformers -- Knowledge and Authority -- Opponents of the Reformers -- Primary Concerns of the Reformers -- Conclusion -- Glossary -- Notes -- Bibliography.

This book takes a fresh look at the foundations of modern Islam. Scholars often locate the origins of the modern Islamic world in European colonialism or Islamic reactions to European modernity. This study, however, focuses on the rise of Islamic movements indigenous to the Middle East, which developed in direct response to the collapse and decentralization of the Islamic gunpowder empires. Arguing that the Usuli movement, as well as Wahhabism and neo-Sufism, emerged in reaction to the disintegration and political decentralization of the Safavid, Ottoman, and Mughal empires, this book specifically highlights the emergence of Usuli Shi'ism in the 18th and 19th centuries. The long-term impact of the Usuli revival was that Shi'i clerics gained unprecedented social, political, and economic power in Iran and southern Iraq. Usuli clerics claimed authority to issue binding legal judgments, which, they argue, must be observed by all Shi'is. By the early 19th century, Usulism emerged as a popular, fiercely independent, transnational Islamic movement. The Usuli clerics have often operated at the heart of social and political developments in modern Iraq and Iran and today dominate the politics of the region.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2025. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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