Front Cover -- Ten Cate's Oral Histology -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Table Of Contents -- 1 Structure of the Oral Tissues -- Chapter Outline -- The Tooth -- Enamel -- Dentin -- Pulp -- Supporting Tissues of the Tooth -- Periodontal Ligament -- Cementum -- Oral Mucosa -- Salivary Glands -- Bones of the Jaw -- Temporomandibular Joint -- Hard Tissue Formation -- The Organic Matrix in Hard Tissues -- Mineral -- Mineralization -- Crystal Growth -- Alkaline Phosphatase -- Transport of Mineral Ions to Mineralization Sites -- Hard Tissue Degradation -- Summary -- 2 General Embryology -- Chapter Outline -- Germ Cell Formation and Fertilization -- Prenatal Development -- Induction, Competence, and Differentiation -- Formation of the Three-Layered Embryo -- Formation of the Neural Tube and Fate of the Germ Layers -- Folding of the Embryo -- The Neural Crest -- Recommended Reading -- 3 Embryology of the Head, Face, and Oral Cavity -- Chapter Outline -- Neural Crest Cells and Head Formation -- Branchial (Pharyngeal) Arches and the Primitive Mouth -- Fate of Grooves and Pouches -- Anatomy of an Arch -- Fusion of Processes -- Formation of the Face -- Formation of the Secondary Palate -- Formation of the Tongue -- Development of the Skull -- Development of the Mandible and Maxilla -- Mandible -- Maxilla -- Common Features of Jaw Development -- Development of the Temporomandibular Joint -- Congenital Defects -- Recommended Reading -- 4 Basic Concepts on the Cell, Extracellular Matrix, and Neural Elements -- Chapter Outline -- The Cell Membrane -- Cytoskeleton -- Intercellular Junctions -- Epithelium-Connective Tissue Interface -- Fibroblasts -- Cellular Organization -- Contraction and Motility -- Junctions -- Heterogeneity -- Aging -- Secretory Products of Fibroblasts -- Collagens.

Collagen Synthesis and Assembly -- Inherited Diseases Involving Collagens -- Elastin -- Proteoglycans -- Glycoproteins -- Growth Factors and Cytokines -- Extracellular Matrix Degradation -- Summary -- Organization and Physiology of the Nervous System -- The Nervous System -- Cells of the Nervous System -- Electrophysiologic Features of Nervous System Cells -- The Resting Membrane Potential -- The Action Potential -- Propagation of the Action Potential -- Synaptic Transmission -- Recommended Reading -- 5 Development of the Tooth and Its Supporting Tissues -- Chapter Outline -- Primary Epithelial Band -- Dental Lamina -- Vestibular Lamina -- Initiation of the Tooth -- Tooth Type Determination -- Instructive Signals for Patterning -- Regionalization of Oral and Dental Ectoderm -- Bud Stage -- Bud-to-Cap Transition -- Cap Stage -- Signaling Centers -- Bell Stage -- Fine Structure of the Enamel Organ at the Very Early Bell Stage -- Dental Papilla and Follicle -- Breakup of the Dental Lamina and Crown Pattern Determination -- Nerve and Vascular Supply During Early Development -- Vascular Supply -- Nerve Supply -- Formation of the Permanent Dentition -- Hard Tissue Formation -- Root Formation -- Tooth Eruption -- Formation of Supporting Tissues -- Recommended Reading -- 6 Bone -- Chapter Outline -- Gross Bone Histology -- Bone Cells -- Osteoblasts -- Osteocytes -- Osteoclasts -- Regulation of Bone Cell Formation -- Bone Development and Formation -- Endochondral Bone Formation -- Intramembranous Bone Formation -- Sutural Bone Growth -- Bone Turnover (Remodeling) -- Recommended Reading -- 7 Enamel: Composition, Formation, and Structure -- Chapter Outline -- Physical Characteristics of Enamel -- Structure of Enamel -- Amelogenesis -- Light Microscopy of Amelogenesis -- Electron Microscopy of Amelogenesis -- Presecretory Stage -- Morphogenetic Phase.

Differentiation Phase -- Secretory Stage -- Maturation Stage -- Transitional Phase -- Maturation Proper -- Ameloblast Secretory Products -- Mineral Pathway and Mineralization -- Regulation of pH During Enamel Formation -- Structural and Organizational Features of Enamel -- Rod Interrelationships -- Striae of Retzius -- Cross Striations -- Bands of Hunter and Schreger -- Gnarled Enamel -- Enamel Tufts and Lamellae -- Dentinoenamel Junction and Enamel Spindles -- Enamel Surface -- Age Changes -- Defects of Amelogenesis -- Clinical Implications -- Fluoridation -- Acid Etching -- Recommended Reading -- 8 Dentin-Pulp Complex -- Chapter Outline -- Basic Structure of Dentin -- Composition, Formation, and Structure of Dentin -- Types of Dentin -- Primary Dentin -- Secondary Dentin -- Tertiary Dentin -- Pattern of Dentin Formation -- Dentinogenesis -- Odontoblast Differentiation -- Formation of Mantle Dentin -- Vascular Supply -- Control of Mineralization -- Pattern of Mineralization -- Formation of Root Dentin -- Secondary and Tertiary Dentinogenesis -- Histology of Dentin -- Dentinal Tubules -- Peritubular Dentin -- Sclerotic Dentin -- Intertubular Dentin -- Interglobular Dentin -- Incremental Growth Lines -- Granular Layer of Tomes -- Pulp -- Odontoblasts -- Fibroblasts -- Undifferentiated Ectomesenchymal Cells -- Dental Pulp Stem Cells -- Inflammatory Cells -- Matrix and Ground Substance -- Vasculature and Lymphatic Supply -- Innervation of the Dentin-Pulp Complex -- Dentin Sensitivity -- Pulp Stones -- Age Changes -- Response to Environmental Stimuli -- Recommended Reading -- 9 Periodontium -- Chapter Outline -- Cementum -- Biochemical Composition -- Initiation of Cementum Formation -- Origin of Periodontal Cells and Differentiation of Cementoblasts -- Molecular Factors Regulating Cementogenesis -- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins -- Epithelial Factors.

Major Matrix Proteins With Cell Adhesion Motifs -- Gla Proteins -- Transcription Factors -- Wnt Signaling -- Other Factors -- Cementum Varieties -- Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum (Primary Cementum) -- Cellular Intrinsic Fiber Cementum (Secondary Cementum) -- Acellular Afibrillar Cementum -- Distribution of Cementum Varieties Along the Root -- Cementoenamel Junction -- Attachment of Cementum Onto Dentin -- Alveolar Process -- Periodontal Ligament -- Fibroblasts -- Epithelial Cells -- Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Cells -- Stem Cells -- Bone and Cementum Cells -- Fibers -- Elastic Fibers -- Ground Substance -- Blood Supply -- Nerve Supply -- Adaptation to Functional Demand -- Recommended Reading -- 10 Physiologic Tooth Movement -- Chapter Outline -- Preeruptive Tooth Movement -- Eruptive Tooth Movement -- Histologic Features -- Mechanisms of Eruptive Tooth Movement -- Root Formation -- Bone Remodeling -- Dental Follicle -- Periodontal Ligament -- Molecular Determinants of Tooth Eruption -- Posteruptive Tooth Movement -- Accommodation for Growth -- Compensation for Occlusal Wear -- Accommodation for Interproximal Wear -- Anterior Component of Occlusal Force -- Contraction of the Transseptal Ligament -- Soft Tissue Pressures -- Shedding of Teeth -- Odontoclast -- Pressure -- Pattern of Shedding -- Abnormal Tooth Movement -- Orthodontic Tooth Movement -- Recommended Reading -- 11 Salivary Glands -- Chapter Outline -- Functions of Saliva -- Protection -- Buffering -- Pellicle Formation -- Maintenance of Tooth Integrity -- Antimicrobial Action -- Tissue Repair -- Digestion -- Taste -- Anatomy -- Development -- Structure -- Secretory Cells -- Serous Cells -- Mucous Cells -- Formation and Secretion of Saliva -- Macromolecular Components -- Fluid and Electrolytes -- Other Mechanisms Modulating Saliva Secretion -- Myoepithelial Cells -- Ducts.

Intercalated Ducts -- Striated Ducts -- Excretory Ducts -- Ductal Modification of Saliva -- Connective Tissue -- Nerve Supply -- Blood Supply -- Summary of Salivary Gland Structure -- Histology of the Major Salivary Glands -- Parotid Gland -- Submandibular Gland -- Sublingual Gland -- Histology of the Minor Salivary Glands -- Clinical Considerations -- Age Changes -- Diseases -- Dry Mouth (Xerostomia) -- Recommended Reading -- 12 Oral Mucosa -- Chapter Outline -- Definition of the Oral Mucosa -- Functions of the Oral Mucosa -- Protection -- Sensation -- Secretion -- Thermal Regulation -- Boundaries of the Oral Mucosa -- Clinical Features -- Component Tissues and Glands -- Oral Epithelium -- Epithelial Proliferation -- Epithelial Maturation -- Keratinization -- Nonkeratinization -- Ultrastructure of the Epithelial Cell -- Cellular Events in Maturation -- Keratinized Epithelium -- Nonkeratinized Epithelium -- Permeability and Absorption -- Nonkeratinocytes in the Oral Epithelium -- Melanocytes and Oral Pigmentation -- Langerhans Cells -- Merkel Cells -- Inflammatory Cells -- Junction of the Epithelium and Lamina Propria -- Lamina Propria -- Cells -- Fibroblasts -- Macrophages -- Mast Cells -- Inflammatory Cells -- Fibers and Ground Substance -- Collagen -- Elastic Fibers -- Ground Substance -- Blood Supply -- Nerve Supply -- Structural Variations -- Masticatory Mucosa -- Lining Mucosa -- Specialized Mucosa -- Fungiform Papillae -- Filiform Papillae -- Foliate Papillae -- Circumvallate Papillae -- Junctions in the Oral Mucosa -- Mucocutaneous Junction -- Mucogingival Junction -- Dentogingival Junction -- Connective Tissue Component -- Col -- Blood Supply -- Nerve Supply -- Development of the Oral Mucosa -- Age Changes -- Recommended Reading -- 13 The Mastication Apparatus -- Chapter Outline -- Classification of Joints -- Fibrous Joints.

Cartilaginous Joints.

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