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Race, Racism and Psychology : Towards a Reflexive History.

By: Material type: TextPublisher: London : Taylor & Francis Group, 1997Copyright date: ©1997Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (393 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9780203359853
Subject(s): Genre/Form: DDC classification:
  • 155.8/2
Online resources:
Contents:
Book Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 'RACE' -- 'RACISM' -- PSYCHOLOGY -- NOTES -- Chapter 1 The pre-evolutionary background and the roots of Scientific Racism -- THE CHRISTIAN VIEW -- THE NOBLE SAVAGE -- WHITE SUPERIORITY -- CONFUSION OF VIEWS OF RACE -- THE 'RACISM' QUESTION -- THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF BLACKNESS -- THE 'SUBHUMANITY' QUESTION -- BIOLOGY AND CULTURE -- ORIGINS OF SCIENTIFIC RACISM -- NOTES -- Chapter 2 Psychology and 'Scientific Racism' 1860-1910 -- INTRODUCTION -- ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC RACISM -- EARLY PSYCHOLOGY AND RACE -- Francis Galton (1822-1911) -- Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) -- G.Stanley Hall (1844-1924) -- Gustav Le Bon (1841-1931) -- W.I. Thomas (1863-1947) -- SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND RACE -- PRE-1900 PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON RACE -- NOTES -- Chapter 3 An imperial interlude: the Cambridge Torres Straits Expedition and its aftermath -- A.C.HADDON (1855-1940) AND THE RACE QUESTION -- PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE TORRES STRAITS -- Preliminary points -- Findings -- THE TORRES STRAITS EXPEDITION AND RACE -- MEETING WOODWORTH IN ST LOUIS -- CONCLUSIONS: SCIENTIFIC RACISM'S LEGACY IN PSYCHOLOGY -- NOTES -- Chapter 4 'Race' in US Psychology to 1945: I. The rise and nature of 'Race Psychology' -- INTRODUCTION -- AN OVERVIEW OF RACE-RELATED GENRES -- Psychology -- Anti-race differences, anti-racism -- Prejudice and attitude research -- Applied, comparative and intra-race research -- Anthropological Psychology and 'Culture and Personality' approaches -- Physiological Psychology -- Black-authored autobiographies and anti-racist journalism -- Miscellaneous -- RACE PSYCHOLOGY -- The beginnings of Race or 'Racial' Psychology: 1910-16 -- Immigration and the impact of the Army intelligence tests -- Garth and Porteus: Race Psychology's forgotten leaders.
Other Race Psychologists and influential research -- CONCLUSION: INTERPRETING RACE PSYCHOLOGY -- NOTES -- Chapter 5 'Race' in US Psychology to 1945: II. The rise of anti-racism -- BARKAN'S THESIS -- CHANGING 'PARADIGMS' -- THE DEMISE OF RACE PSYCHOLOGY -- Criticisms of Race Psychology -- Applied Psychology in the field -- Prejudice and race attitudes -- The 'Culture and Personality school' -- 1940-45: 'RACE' AND US PSYCHOLOGY IN WORLD WAR II -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- Chapter 6 'Race' in European Psychology to 1940: I. Primitive minds and Aryan supermen -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPLORING THE 'PRIMITIVE MIND' -- Lucien Levy-Bruhl (1857-1939) -- Jung and Freud -- 'RACE' IN NAZI PSYCHOLOGY -- NOTES -- Chapter 7 'Race' in European Psychology to 1940: II. Its presence and absence in British Psychology -- INTRODUCTION -- PSYCHOLOGICAL RACE DIFFERENCES IN BRITISH EUGENICS -- THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL -- WILLIAM McDOUGALL (1871-1938) AND R.B.CATTELL -- OTHER RESEARCH AND COVERAGE IN GENERAL TEXTS -- 'Primitive mentality' -- Jewish intelligence -- Welsh bilingualism -- Test construction -- Perception revisited: R.H.Thouless and W.M.Beveridge -- Other -- Textbook coverage -- Owen Berkeley-Hill: Psychoanalysis in India -- R.F.A.Hoernle and others -- G.H.Fox-Lane Pitt-Rivers -- Coda on Burt -- SUMMARY -- DISCUSSION -- NOTES -- Chapter 8 Racism at bay: Psychology and 'race' 1945-69 -- FROM CULTURE AND PERSONALITY TO CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY -- THE AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITY -- US PSYCHOLOGY, CIVIL RIGHTS AND THE 'NEGRO PERSONALITY' -- THE RACE PSYCHOLOGY UNDERGROUND -- 'NATIVISM = RACISM' -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- Chapter 9 Race and IQ 1969-96: An undead controversy -- BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW -- THE 'INTERNALIST' CASE AGAINST RACE DIFFERENCES IN INTELLIGENCE -- The meaning of the 'H'-measure -- The distinction between direct and indirect modes of genetic causation.
The 'norm of reaction' concept and Lewontin's model of epigenesis -- 'Environment' and 'heredity'-independent variables or reciprocal? -- The operational definition of intelligence as 'what IQ tests measure' -- IQ test performance reflects other traits beside 'intelligence' -- The redundancy of the 'race' concept in the prevailing population genetics paradigm -- The falsity of the popular assumption that 'genetic' means 'unchangeable' -- Intelligence of groups as a category mistake -- Herrnstein's prediction of the emergence of a genetically stratified 'caste' society -- Meaning of 'overlap' -- THE PRO-DIFFERENCES NETWORK -- POSSIBLE POSITIONS ON THE ISSUE AND CONCLUSION -- SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE ON THE IRRELEVANCE OF THE HERITABILITY OF -- BRIEF NOTE ON RUSHTON'S SOCIO-BIOLOGICAL APPROACH -- CODA -- NOTES -- Chapter 10 Bringing it all back home -- BLACK PSYCHOLOGY -- ETHNOCENTRISM AND RACISM IN PSYCHOLOGY -- CURRENT THEORIES OF RACISM -- Joel Kovel: White Racism: A Psychohistory -- D.T.Goldberg: Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- Chapter 11 Resume -- Appendix Comments on J.P.Rushton's table of 'Mongoloid', 'Caucasoid', 'Negroid' rankings -- Bibliography -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Journal titles -- Other -- T.R.Garth bibliography -- Name index -- Subject index.
Summary: Topics with racial implications have been hotly debated in the psychological literature for most of this century and are often in the news. Graham Richards takes a historical look at how the concepts of "race" and "racism" emerged within the discipline and charts the underlying premises of some famous studies in their social and political contexts. No-one is allowed to be objective in this arena, as opponents will always argue that they are not. This account is bound therefore to be controversial and excite interest whether or not readers agree with Richards' stance.
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Book Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 'RACE' -- 'RACISM' -- PSYCHOLOGY -- NOTES -- Chapter 1 The pre-evolutionary background and the roots of Scientific Racism -- THE CHRISTIAN VIEW -- THE NOBLE SAVAGE -- WHITE SUPERIORITY -- CONFUSION OF VIEWS OF RACE -- THE 'RACISM' QUESTION -- THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF BLACKNESS -- THE 'SUBHUMANITY' QUESTION -- BIOLOGY AND CULTURE -- ORIGINS OF SCIENTIFIC RACISM -- NOTES -- Chapter 2 Psychology and 'Scientific Racism' 1860-1910 -- INTRODUCTION -- ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC RACISM -- EARLY PSYCHOLOGY AND RACE -- Francis Galton (1822-1911) -- Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) -- G.Stanley Hall (1844-1924) -- Gustav Le Bon (1841-1931) -- W.I. Thomas (1863-1947) -- SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND RACE -- PRE-1900 PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON RACE -- NOTES -- Chapter 3 An imperial interlude: the Cambridge Torres Straits Expedition and its aftermath -- A.C.HADDON (1855-1940) AND THE RACE QUESTION -- PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE TORRES STRAITS -- Preliminary points -- Findings -- THE TORRES STRAITS EXPEDITION AND RACE -- MEETING WOODWORTH IN ST LOUIS -- CONCLUSIONS: SCIENTIFIC RACISM'S LEGACY IN PSYCHOLOGY -- NOTES -- Chapter 4 'Race' in US Psychology to 1945: I. The rise and nature of 'Race Psychology' -- INTRODUCTION -- AN OVERVIEW OF RACE-RELATED GENRES -- Psychology -- Anti-race differences, anti-racism -- Prejudice and attitude research -- Applied, comparative and intra-race research -- Anthropological Psychology and 'Culture and Personality' approaches -- Physiological Psychology -- Black-authored autobiographies and anti-racist journalism -- Miscellaneous -- RACE PSYCHOLOGY -- The beginnings of Race or 'Racial' Psychology: 1910-16 -- Immigration and the impact of the Army intelligence tests -- Garth and Porteus: Race Psychology's forgotten leaders.

Other Race Psychologists and influential research -- CONCLUSION: INTERPRETING RACE PSYCHOLOGY -- NOTES -- Chapter 5 'Race' in US Psychology to 1945: II. The rise of anti-racism -- BARKAN'S THESIS -- CHANGING 'PARADIGMS' -- THE DEMISE OF RACE PSYCHOLOGY -- Criticisms of Race Psychology -- Applied Psychology in the field -- Prejudice and race attitudes -- The 'Culture and Personality school' -- 1940-45: 'RACE' AND US PSYCHOLOGY IN WORLD WAR II -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- Chapter 6 'Race' in European Psychology to 1940: I. Primitive minds and Aryan supermen -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPLORING THE 'PRIMITIVE MIND' -- Lucien Levy-Bruhl (1857-1939) -- Jung and Freud -- 'RACE' IN NAZI PSYCHOLOGY -- NOTES -- Chapter 7 'Race' in European Psychology to 1940: II. Its presence and absence in British Psychology -- INTRODUCTION -- PSYCHOLOGICAL RACE DIFFERENCES IN BRITISH EUGENICS -- THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL -- WILLIAM McDOUGALL (1871-1938) AND R.B.CATTELL -- OTHER RESEARCH AND COVERAGE IN GENERAL TEXTS -- 'Primitive mentality' -- Jewish intelligence -- Welsh bilingualism -- Test construction -- Perception revisited: R.H.Thouless and W.M.Beveridge -- Other -- Textbook coverage -- Owen Berkeley-Hill: Psychoanalysis in India -- R.F.A.Hoernle and others -- G.H.Fox-Lane Pitt-Rivers -- Coda on Burt -- SUMMARY -- DISCUSSION -- NOTES -- Chapter 8 Racism at bay: Psychology and 'race' 1945-69 -- FROM CULTURE AND PERSONALITY TO CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY -- THE AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITY -- US PSYCHOLOGY, CIVIL RIGHTS AND THE 'NEGRO PERSONALITY' -- THE RACE PSYCHOLOGY UNDERGROUND -- 'NATIVISM = RACISM' -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- Chapter 9 Race and IQ 1969-96: An undead controversy -- BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW -- THE 'INTERNALIST' CASE AGAINST RACE DIFFERENCES IN INTELLIGENCE -- The meaning of the 'H'-measure -- The distinction between direct and indirect modes of genetic causation.

The 'norm of reaction' concept and Lewontin's model of epigenesis -- 'Environment' and 'heredity'-independent variables or reciprocal? -- The operational definition of intelligence as 'what IQ tests measure' -- IQ test performance reflects other traits beside 'intelligence' -- The redundancy of the 'race' concept in the prevailing population genetics paradigm -- The falsity of the popular assumption that 'genetic' means 'unchangeable' -- Intelligence of groups as a category mistake -- Herrnstein's prediction of the emergence of a genetically stratified 'caste' society -- Meaning of 'overlap' -- THE PRO-DIFFERENCES NETWORK -- POSSIBLE POSITIONS ON THE ISSUE AND CONCLUSION -- SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE ON THE IRRELEVANCE OF THE HERITABILITY OF -- BRIEF NOTE ON RUSHTON'S SOCIO-BIOLOGICAL APPROACH -- CODA -- NOTES -- Chapter 10 Bringing it all back home -- BLACK PSYCHOLOGY -- ETHNOCENTRISM AND RACISM IN PSYCHOLOGY -- CURRENT THEORIES OF RACISM -- Joel Kovel: White Racism: A Psychohistory -- D.T.Goldberg: Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- Chapter 11 Resume -- Appendix Comments on J.P.Rushton's table of 'Mongoloid', 'Caucasoid', 'Negroid' rankings -- Bibliography -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Journal titles -- Other -- T.R.Garth bibliography -- Name index -- Subject index.

Topics with racial implications have been hotly debated in the psychological literature for most of this century and are often in the news. Graham Richards takes a historical look at how the concepts of "race" and "racism" emerged within the discipline and charts the underlying premises of some famous studies in their social and political contexts. No-one is allowed to be objective in this arena, as opponents will always argue that they are not. This account is bound therefore to be controversial and excite interest whether or not readers agree with Richards' stance.

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