cover -- Preface -- Praise Page -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- The Revival of Anarchism as Politics, Methodology, and Its Presence in Academia -- Overview of This Handbook -- Conclusion -- Part I: Core Problems/Problématiques -- Chapter 2: The State -- Introduction -- Government and Authority -- The Illegitimacy of Authority -- The Nation-State -- Anarchist vs. Marxist Views of the State -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3: Individual and Community -- The Anarchist Ideal of Communal Individuality -- Social Anarchism and Lifestyle Anarchism -- Anarchist Democracy -- The Anarchist Utopian Literary Imagination -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Freedom -- Introduction -- The Philosophical Context of Anarchist Accounts of Freedom -- Freedom From -- Freedom To -- Freedom In or Freedom With? Anarchism and the Question of Institutions -- Against Empowerment, Autonomy and Independence -- Conclusions -- Chapter 5: Anti-Capitalism and Libertarian Political Economy -- The Libertarian Critique of Capitalism -- Then Why Capitalism? -- Libertarian Political Economy/Anti-Capitalism/Post-Capitalism -- Mutualism -- Collectivism -- Communist Anarchism -- Libertarian Political Economy and Anti-Capitalism -- Chapter 6: Tactics: Conceptions of Social Change, Revolution, and Anarchist Organisation -- Introduction -- Sources and Categorisation of Tactics -- Classic Tactics -- Contemporary Tactics -- Meaning and Diffusion of Tactics -- Chapter 7: Anarchism and Cosmopolitanism -- Introduction: The Two Faces of Cosmopolitanism -- Anarchist Cosmopolitanism and the Origins of Modernity -- The Anarchist Cosmopolitan Turn and World Politics -- Post-Modernism, Post-Anarchism, Libertarian Socialism and Cosmopolitanism -- Cosmopolitanism, Anarchism, Ethnicity and Patriotism.

Conclusion: The Future of Cosmopolitanism and Rooted Cosmopolitanism -- Chapter 8: Anti-Imperialism -- Introduction -- Anarchy in the Empires: Histories, Contexts and Debates -- Anarchist Anti-Imperialism in the British Empire -- Anti-Imperialism in the Portuguese Empire and Brazil -- Anti-Imperialism in the Spanish Empire and Postcolonial Latin America -- Anti-Imperialism in the French Empire -- Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Anarchism and Religion -- Introduction -- Anarchist Critiques of Religion -- Anarchist Exegesis -- Anarchist Theology -- Religious Anarchist History -- Conclusions -- Chapter 10: Anarchism and Science -- Foundations -- Science Education -- Philosophy of Science and Technology -- Neurobiology -- Part II: Core Traditions -- Chapter 11: Mutualism -- Chapter 12: Individualism -- The Autonomous Individual -- Individualist Political Economy -- The Free Society -- Later Developments -- Chapter 13: Anarchist Communism -- Chapter 14: Syndicalism -- Introduction -- Prefiguration, Solidarity and Politics -- Democracy and Oligarchy in Unions -- Origins, Influences and Relationship to Anarchism -- Size and Impact -- Class Composition -- Influence, Politics, Alliances and Uprisings -- Key Debates Within Syndicalism -- Syndicalism Today -- Chapter 15: Anarcha-Feminism -- Chapter 16: Green Anarchism -- Introduction -- Social Ecology -- Society as Nature Rendered Self-Conscious -- On Potentiality -- Municipalism -- Deep Ecology and Primitivism -- Conclusion -- Chapter 17: Postanarchism -- The Non-Acceptability of Power -- Voluntary Inservitude -- Ownness -- From Revolution to Insurrection -- Ontological Anarchism -- Part III: Key Events/History -- Chapter 18: The French Revolution and 1848 -- The Enlightenment -- The French Revolution -- Proudhon and Stirner -- The Revolutions of 1848 -- Chapter 19: Anarchism and the First International.

Introduction -- Anarchism at the Founding of the International -- Roots of Anarchism in the International -- Enter Bakunin -- The Syndicalist Consensus -- The Revolutionary Commune -- The Split in the International -- The Anti-Authoritarian International -- The International and Modern Anarchism -- Chapter 20: The Spectre of the Commune and French Anarchism in the 1890s -- Chapter 21: Haymarket and the Rise of Syndicalism -- First International Roots -- The Chicago Idea -- The Haymarket Affair -- The Rise of Syndicalism -- Anarchism, Syndicalism, and Anarcho-Syndicalism -- The Decline of Revolutionary Syndicalism -- Chapter 22: The Era of Propaganda by the Deed -- Introduction1 -- Propaganda by the Deed: Genesis and Definitions -- Responses to Propaganda by the Deed: Moral Panics and the Criminalisation of Anarchism -- The End of the Anarchist Terrorist Wave -- Propaganda by the Deed and Its Afterlives -- Conclusion -- Chapter 23: Anarchism and the First World War -- Kropotkin vs. Malatesta -- Manifestos and International Divisions -- Conclusion -- Chapter 24: Anarchism and Marxism in the Russian Revolution -- Germany and Russia -- The Evolution of Social Democracy -- War and Mutiny -- Chapter 25: The Spanish Civil War -- Civil War and Revolution -- Counter-Revolution -- Defeat -- Glossary of Political Groups -- Chapter 26: Anarchism and 1968 -- 1968 in Anarchist Historiography -- '1968' -- The French 1968 -- The 'Events' of May-June 196820 -- The comités d'action -- General Strike: Spontaneity, Occupations and Self-Management -- 'Leftism', the Student Movement and the Mouvement du 22 Mars -- Conclusions -- Was '1968' Anarchist? -- The Spirit of 68 -- The Legacy of 1968 -- Chapter 27: From the Zapatistas to Seattle: The 'New Anarchists' -- The New World Order Era: The Early 1990s -- The Zapatista Uprising and Neo-anarchism -- From Chiapas to Seattle.

Violence vs Non-violence: The Never-Ending Debate -- Seattle's Daughters and Sons -- Backlash Against Neo-anarchism -- Part IV: Applications -- Chapter 28: Utopianism and Intentional Communities -- The Concept of Utopia -- The Relationship Between Anarchism and Utopia: Why Anarchists Should Be Interested in Intentional Communities -- Intentional Communities as Practical Utopias -- Property Relations -- Decision-Making -- Scale and Federation -- Controversies and Tensions -- 'Lifestyle Anarchism' Versus 'Social Anarchism' -- Commitment Versus Temporariness -- 'Tyranny of Structurelessness' Versus 'Tyranny of Tyranny' -- Conclusion: What Do Utopian and Intentional Communities Reveal About Anarchism as an Ideology? -- Chapter 29: Anarchist Education -- Introduction -- Anarchist Schools -- What Makes Anarchist Schools Anarchist? -- Libertarian Pedagogy and the Freedom of the Child -- So Are Anarchist Schools Libertarian? -- Tensions -- Anarchist Education Today -- Conclusion -- Chapter 30: The City, Urban Planning and Architecture -- Introduction -- Anarchist Theory in Architecture -- Colin Ward -- Anarchism Is a Natural State of Being -- 'Anarchist' Architecture -- The One-Night House -- 1970s England -- The ARC -- Foundation -- Manifesto -- At Work -- Bridgtown -- Conclusion -- Chapter 31: Anarchism and Ethics -- Introduction -- Three Areas of Ethics -- Anarchism and Normative Ethics -- Anarchism and Virtue Theory -- Anarchism and Consequentialism -- Anarchism and Deontology -- Anarchism and Casuistry -- (Re)constructing an Anarchist Ethic -- Challenges: Post-Left and Postanarchist -- Example of Practice-Based Approaches -- Conclusion -- Chapter 32: Literature and Anarchism -- Anarchist Authors -- Anarchist Literary Movements -- Depictions of Anarchism and Anarchists -- Popular Writing -- Anarchism and Other Writers.

Interpreting Anarchism and Literary Theory -- Conclusion -- Chapter 33: Anarchism and Art -- Introduction -- Art as a Way of Life -- Art to Change the World -- Prefigurative Art -- Challenges -- Chapter 34: Gender and Sexuality -- Pervasive and Oppressive: Gender and Sexuality as Coercive Elements of Society -- Manarchism Then and Now: Gender and Sexuality in Anarchism -- Feminism in 'the [Anglo] Anarchist Century': Classical Approaches to Gender and Sexuality -- Twentieth-Century (Anglo) Anarcha-Feminism -- Twenty-First Century: The Queer, Relational Turn -- Addressing Critiques of a Focus on Gender/Sexuality and Closing Remarks -- Chapter 35: Post-Industrial and Digital Society -- Hopes and Dreams for the Internet as a Tool for Change -- The Internet, Work, and Capitalism -- Anarchist Potentials -- Looking to the Margins -- Nurturing Alternatives -- Chapter 36: Farming and Food -- The Trouble with Animal Farm -- Problematising Species Relations and the Eating of Animals -- Anarchism and Animal Agriculture -- Exploitation and Animal Agriculture -- Gendered Exploitation in Animal Agriculture -- From Veganarchy to Total Liberation and Back Again -- Towards an Anarchist Politics of Food -- Chapter 37: Anarchism and the Newest Social Movements -- The Break in Argentina: Que Se Vayan Todos! -- From Kefaya! To Democracia Real Ya! -- In Argentina the Rebellion Began with a Sound…and a Song -- Horizontalidad -- Horizontal Self-Organisation -- Power and the State -- Prefigurative -- Concluding with Another Sort of Political -- Chapter 38: Non-Western Anarchisms and Postcolonialism -- Non-Western? Anarchism? Postcolonialism? -- Firstly, Non-Western -- Secondly, Anarchism -- Finally, Postcolonialism -- The Terrain, and the Tools -- Firstly, the Terrain -- Secondly, the Tools to Navigate the Terrain -- East Asian Anarchism and Postcolonialism.

African Anarchism and Postcolonialism.

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