Human Trafficking : A Reference Handbook.

By: Material type: TextSeries: Publisher: New York : Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2017Copyright date: ©2017Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (429 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9798216100027
Subject(s): Genre/Form: DDC classification:
  • 306.74094897090401
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY -- Slavery in Ancient Times -- The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade -- The Abolition of Slavery and the Rise of the White Slave Trade -- Trafficking in Women and Children -- Trafficking in Persons -- What Is in a Definition? -- Defining Human Trafficking -- How Does Trafficking Differ from Smuggling? -- How Straightforward Is the Definition of Human Trafficking? -- What Contributes to Human Trafficking? -- Push and Pull Factors -- Poverty -- Migration -- Globalization -- Gender Inequality -- Social Hierarchy and Discrimination (Minority Status) -- Traditional Practices -- Demographic Factors -- Political Instability and Conflict -- War and Peacekeepers -- Technology -- Supply and Demand -- Facilitators of Human Trafficking -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 PROBLEMS, CONTROVERSIES, AND SOLUTIONS -- The Extent of the Problem: Counting and Identifying Victims of Trafficking -- Identifying Victims of Trafficking -- The Victim Pyramid -- Trafficking as a Process Rather than a Single Crime -- Markets in Which Victims Are Trafficked -- Traditional Markets -- Illicit Markets -- Unusual Forms of Human Trafficking -- The Victims -- Risk Factors for Trafficking -- Male Victims -- Child Victims -- Other Vulnerable Victims -- The Impact of Human Trafficking: Harm to the Victims -- Why Victims Do Not Identify Themselves as Victims -- From Victim to Survivor -- Traffickers: Who They Are and Why They Become Involved in the Crime of Human Trafficking -- Use of Violence and Threats to Control Victims -- From Victim to Victimizer: How Victims Become Traffickers -- Trafficking Organizations -- Roles within Trafficking Organizations -- Measures to End Trafficking -- Prevention -- Awareness Raising -- National Hotlines -- More Permanent Prevention Measures.
Victim Assistance and Protection -- In the Host Country -- Upon Returning Home -- Law Enforcement and Prosecution -- Law Enforcement Investigations and Arrests -- Law Enforcement Training -- What Will Guarantee Law Enforcement's Success and Ensure a Victim-Centered Approach? -- Prosecutions -- Partnerships -- The Public Sector -- The Private Sector -- Religious Institutions -- Measures to Reduce Primary Demand -- Repressive Measures -- Legislative Measures -- Awareness-Raising Campaigns -- Social and Cultural Measures -- Demand Reduction among Military Personnel -- Raising Costs and Risks, Reducing Profit: Hitting Traffickers Where It Hurts -- Effecting Permanent Change -- What Can You Do to Help Fight Human Trafficking? -- Learn -- Join -- Act -- References -- 3 PERSPECTIVES -- Estimating the Magnitude of Trafficking and Slavery -- Labor Exploitation of Migrant Workers in the Netherlands -- American Girls: Victims of Human Trafficking -- Human Trafficking and Terrorist Groups -- The First European Anti-trafficking NGO Is Born -- The Dutch Religious Community and Its Work against Trafficking in Women -- Declining Assistance: Understanding Trafficked Persons' Decisions, Choices, and Resiliency -- Female Human Traffickers -- What Are the Challenges in Prosecuting Human Trafficking Offenses? -- 4 PROFILES -- Kathryn Bolkovac (1960- ) -- CNN Freedom Project: Ending Modern-Day Slavery -- Coalition of Immokalee Workers -- Sunita Danuwar and Shakti Samuha -- Declaration of Istanbul Custodial Group -- ECPAT -- International Justice Mission -- International Labour Organization -- International Organization for Migration -- La Strada International -- Liberty Asia -- Loretta Lynch (1959- ) -- Steve Maman (1975- ) -- National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons, Nigeria -- National Association to Protect Children.
National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings and Sexual Violence Against Children, the Netherlands -- Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (U.S. Department of State) -- Polaris Project -- Najibullah Quraishi -- STOP THE TRAFFIK -- Truckers Against Trafficking -- Harriet Tubman (circa 1820-1913) -- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime -- 5 DATA AND DOCUMENTS -- Data -- Victims and Forms of Exploitation -- Table 5.1: Detected Victims of Trafficking by Age and Gender, 2011 -- Table 5.2: Forms of Exploitation among Detected Victims of Trafficking, 2011 -- Table 5.3: Gender Breakdown of Detected Victims of Trafficking for Forced Labor by Region, 2010-2012 (or More Recent) -- Table 5.4: Forms of Exploitation among Detected Trafficking Victims by Region of Detection, 2010-2012 (or More Recent) -- Trafficking Flows -- Table 5.5: Trafficking Flows by Geographical Reach, 2010-2012 (or More Recent) -- Table 5.6: Shares of Detected Victims by Subregional and Transregional Trafficking -- Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking -- Table 5.7: Number of Convictions Recorded per Year, Share of Countries, 2010-2012 -- Table 5.8: Persons as Suspects, Persons Prosecuted, and Persons Convicted by Gender, 2010-2012 -- Table 5.9: Suspects, Prosecutions, and Convictions by Gender and Region -- Government Responses to Trafficking -- Table 5.10: U.S. Department of State Tier Ranking -- Country Ratings on Government Responses -- Table 5.11: Country Ratings on Government Responses -- Heroes Acting to End Modern Slavery -- Table 5.12: TIP Report Hero Acting to End Modern Slavery Award, 2015-2016 -- Documents -- The Many Faces of Human Trafficking -- Recognizing the Signs -- The Human and Social Costs of Trafficking -- Summary of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) and Reauthorizations -- Breaking the Chain: Corruption and Human Trafficking.
Preventing Human Trafficking in Global Supply Chains -- 6 RESOURCES -- Books and Book Chapters -- Dissertations -- Reports -- Academic Articles and Journals -- Investigative Journalism -- Academic Collaboration Platforms -- Videos and Documentaries -- 7 CHRONOLOGY -- Glossary -- Index -- About the Author.
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Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY -- Slavery in Ancient Times -- The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade -- The Abolition of Slavery and the Rise of the White Slave Trade -- Trafficking in Women and Children -- Trafficking in Persons -- What Is in a Definition? -- Defining Human Trafficking -- How Does Trafficking Differ from Smuggling? -- How Straightforward Is the Definition of Human Trafficking? -- What Contributes to Human Trafficking? -- Push and Pull Factors -- Poverty -- Migration -- Globalization -- Gender Inequality -- Social Hierarchy and Discrimination (Minority Status) -- Traditional Practices -- Demographic Factors -- Political Instability and Conflict -- War and Peacekeepers -- Technology -- Supply and Demand -- Facilitators of Human Trafficking -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 PROBLEMS, CONTROVERSIES, AND SOLUTIONS -- The Extent of the Problem: Counting and Identifying Victims of Trafficking -- Identifying Victims of Trafficking -- The Victim Pyramid -- Trafficking as a Process Rather than a Single Crime -- Markets in Which Victims Are Trafficked -- Traditional Markets -- Illicit Markets -- Unusual Forms of Human Trafficking -- The Victims -- Risk Factors for Trafficking -- Male Victims -- Child Victims -- Other Vulnerable Victims -- The Impact of Human Trafficking: Harm to the Victims -- Why Victims Do Not Identify Themselves as Victims -- From Victim to Survivor -- Traffickers: Who They Are and Why They Become Involved in the Crime of Human Trafficking -- Use of Violence and Threats to Control Victims -- From Victim to Victimizer: How Victims Become Traffickers -- Trafficking Organizations -- Roles within Trafficking Organizations -- Measures to End Trafficking -- Prevention -- Awareness Raising -- National Hotlines -- More Permanent Prevention Measures.

Victim Assistance and Protection -- In the Host Country -- Upon Returning Home -- Law Enforcement and Prosecution -- Law Enforcement Investigations and Arrests -- Law Enforcement Training -- What Will Guarantee Law Enforcement's Success and Ensure a Victim-Centered Approach? -- Prosecutions -- Partnerships -- The Public Sector -- The Private Sector -- Religious Institutions -- Measures to Reduce Primary Demand -- Repressive Measures -- Legislative Measures -- Awareness-Raising Campaigns -- Social and Cultural Measures -- Demand Reduction among Military Personnel -- Raising Costs and Risks, Reducing Profit: Hitting Traffickers Where It Hurts -- Effecting Permanent Change -- What Can You Do to Help Fight Human Trafficking? -- Learn -- Join -- Act -- References -- 3 PERSPECTIVES -- Estimating the Magnitude of Trafficking and Slavery -- Labor Exploitation of Migrant Workers in the Netherlands -- American Girls: Victims of Human Trafficking -- Human Trafficking and Terrorist Groups -- The First European Anti-trafficking NGO Is Born -- The Dutch Religious Community and Its Work against Trafficking in Women -- Declining Assistance: Understanding Trafficked Persons' Decisions, Choices, and Resiliency -- Female Human Traffickers -- What Are the Challenges in Prosecuting Human Trafficking Offenses? -- 4 PROFILES -- Kathryn Bolkovac (1960- ) -- CNN Freedom Project: Ending Modern-Day Slavery -- Coalition of Immokalee Workers -- Sunita Danuwar and Shakti Samuha -- Declaration of Istanbul Custodial Group -- ECPAT -- International Justice Mission -- International Labour Organization -- International Organization for Migration -- La Strada International -- Liberty Asia -- Loretta Lynch (1959- ) -- Steve Maman (1975- ) -- National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons, Nigeria -- National Association to Protect Children.

National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings and Sexual Violence Against Children, the Netherlands -- Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (U.S. Department of State) -- Polaris Project -- Najibullah Quraishi -- STOP THE TRAFFIK -- Truckers Against Trafficking -- Harriet Tubman (circa 1820-1913) -- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime -- 5 DATA AND DOCUMENTS -- Data -- Victims and Forms of Exploitation -- Table 5.1: Detected Victims of Trafficking by Age and Gender, 2011 -- Table 5.2: Forms of Exploitation among Detected Victims of Trafficking, 2011 -- Table 5.3: Gender Breakdown of Detected Victims of Trafficking for Forced Labor by Region, 2010-2012 (or More Recent) -- Table 5.4: Forms of Exploitation among Detected Trafficking Victims by Region of Detection, 2010-2012 (or More Recent) -- Trafficking Flows -- Table 5.5: Trafficking Flows by Geographical Reach, 2010-2012 (or More Recent) -- Table 5.6: Shares of Detected Victims by Subregional and Transregional Trafficking -- Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking -- Table 5.7: Number of Convictions Recorded per Year, Share of Countries, 2010-2012 -- Table 5.8: Persons as Suspects, Persons Prosecuted, and Persons Convicted by Gender, 2010-2012 -- Table 5.9: Suspects, Prosecutions, and Convictions by Gender and Region -- Government Responses to Trafficking -- Table 5.10: U.S. Department of State Tier Ranking -- Country Ratings on Government Responses -- Table 5.11: Country Ratings on Government Responses -- Heroes Acting to End Modern Slavery -- Table 5.12: TIP Report Hero Acting to End Modern Slavery Award, 2015-2016 -- Documents -- The Many Faces of Human Trafficking -- Recognizing the Signs -- The Human and Social Costs of Trafficking -- Summary of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) and Reauthorizations -- Breaking the Chain: Corruption and Human Trafficking.

Preventing Human Trafficking in Global Supply Chains -- 6 RESOURCES -- Books and Book Chapters -- Dissertations -- Reports -- Academic Articles and Journals -- Investigative Journalism -- Academic Collaboration Platforms -- Videos and Documentaries -- 7 CHRONOLOGY -- Glossary -- Index -- About the Author.

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