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The historiography of European gardens from the 18th to the 20th century constitutes a key reference point for understanding the process of recognizing the values associated with memory and the ongoing debate on restoration, understood as a complex and interdisciplinary practice. From early treatises and the major transformations of the 18th century to the emergence of a specific historiographical approach, gardens have been part of a continuous rewriting of history—shaped by the conditions of historiographical practice itself, by underlying ideologies, and by the evolution of scientific knowledge. Their restoration requires critical analysis of sources and constant comparison with direct and verifiable information. Through this process of reflection and verification, it becomes possible to develop restoration methodologies that account for the historical, cultural, and scientific complexity of gardens, enabling us to address the challenges of the 21st century in a conscious and responsible way.

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