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The significance of allegorical personification as a cultural technique can hardly be overestimated for the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern era. Particularly in the French-speaking world, this period shows a distinctive intensification. In a consistently cross-media approach, the interweaving of images, texts, and theatrical stagings with its decisive changes is demonstrated by means of allegorical personification. The allegorical mode emerges as the dominant practice of an imagery that was subjected to a fundamental standardization only with the dissemination of Cesare Ripa's Iconologia from 1593 on. Personifications represent a largely overlooked source for explaining an image theory and practice that until then had only been developed in fragments.

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