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While the representation of women in science is on the rise, this increase is not of the same magnitude in all fields, such as mathematics and computer science, for example. What's more, their presence decreases as one moves up the hierarchy of academic positions. The persistence of these disparities and inequalities is explained by the strength of stereotypes and ideological postures that maintain women and men in differentiated and hierarchical social roles. These stereotypes, ingrained and unconscious gendered representations, induce biases that can interfere in evaluation processes, whether of careers or research projects, but also determine and guide scientific approaches. Given the complexity of the phenomena that lead to the (re)production of inequalities, what actions should be taken? How can we ensure their efficiency for the ecosystem as a whole? This book, a follow-up to the Gender in Research conference held in December 2020, brings together scientists and funding agencies to address these issues and provide some answers. The contributions come from a variety of contexts, depending on whether they are written by scientists or funders, and present analyses of different kinds, but always based on a reflective approach. This diversity allows us to reaffirm that equality is the concern of all players in the research ecosystem, whose ability to dialogue and collaborate is decisive in guaranteeing the coherence and efficiency of our actions. This book is aimed at all those involved in conducting and/or evaluating research, whatever their scientific discipline.

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